Prostate cancer classification
A method is provided for characterizing and/or prognosing prostate cancer in a subject comprising determining the expression level of at least one of CREM, ERRFI1, SRSF5, PDK4, HJURP, PDRG1, TRPM3, PDE4D, FI2, ADAMTS1, ADAMTS9, B3GNT5, CD38, CEBPD, CENPF, DKK1, EMP1, F3, IL1R1, IL8, JUNB, KLFIO, KLF4, LDLR, LGALS3, LPARI, MALAT1, MTUS1, MYBPC1, NFIL3, NR4A3, OAT, PI15, PTGS2, RHOBTB3, RIN2, RNFT2, SELE, SLC15A2, SOCS2, SOCS3, SSTR1, ST6GAL1, TSC22D1, XBP1 and ZFP36 in a sample from the subject. The method may be used to predict the likelihood of metastasis. Also disclosed are methods for diagnosing and selecting treatment for prostate cancer, together with corresponding methods of treatment. Systems, kits and computer programs for performing the methods are also provided.
1. A method of treating prostate cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising:
a) obtaining a prostate cancer sample of a tissue from a subject, wherein the tissue is already known to be a prostate cancer, wherein the prostate cancer sample comprises cancer cells and normal cells;
b) measuring the expression level of p53 and DNA Damage-Regulated Protein 1 (PDRG1) in the cancer cells from the prostate cancer sample and in the normal cells from the same prostate cancer sample;
c) comparing the expression levels of PDRG1 in the cancer cells to the normal cells;
d) detecting a significant increase in expression of PDRG1 in the cancer cells relative to the normal cells;
e) characterizing and/or prognosing the subject as having an increased likelihood of cancer recurrence and/or an increased likelihood of cancer metastasis; and
f) administering a chemotherapeutic agent or radiotherapy to said subject of part (e), or carrying out prostate cancer removal surgery on said subject of part (e).
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the chemotherapeutic agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of:
a) an anti-hormone treatment;
b) a cytotoxic agent;
c) a biologic; and/or
d) a targeted therapeutic agent.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the expression level of PDRG1 is determined at the level of protein or RNA.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the expression level of PDRG1 is determined by immunohistochemistry.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the expression level of PDRG1 is determined by microarray, northern blotting, RNA seq (RNA sequencing), in situ RNA detection, or nucleic acid amplification.
6. The method of claim 2 wherein the anti-hormone treatment is bicalutamide and/or abiraterone.
7. The method of claim 2 wherein the biologic is an antibody and/or a vaccine.
8. The method of claim 2 wherein the biologic is sipuleucel-T.
9. The method of claim 2 wherein the radiotherapy is extended radiotherapy.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the radiotherapy is extended-field radiotherapy.