Biomarkers for detecting and monitoring colon cancer
A metabolic profiling approach for identifying biomarkers that provide highly sensitive and specific colorectal cancer (CRC) detection and monitoring using serum samples. The methods can be used for distinguishing CRC patients from both healthy controls and polyp patients, as well as to monitor disease progression or response to therapy. Receiver operator characteristic curves generated based on these models showed high sensitivities for differentiating CRC patients from healthy controls or polyp patients, good specificities, low false discovery rates, and excellent areas under the curve were obtained. Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV) was also applied, demonstrating the robust diagnostic power of this metabolic profiling approach.
1. A method of treating colorectal cancer (CRC) progression in a subject, the method comprising:
(a) measuring the concentrations of at least five components of a panel of a plurality of serum metabolites in a serum sample from the subject, wherein the components of the panel are selected from the group consisting of:
succinate, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, adenine, citraconic acid, methylmalonate, 1-methylguanosine, and 3-nitro-tyrosine;
(b) determining a ratio of the concentration of each of the components measured in step (a) to a control serum concentration of each of the components;
(c) determining CRC progression in the subject when the ratio determined in (b) is less than 0.85 or greater than 1.15 for at least five of the components; and
(d) treating the subject for CRC progression.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio determined in step (b) is less than 0.9 or greater than 1.1.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of component 3-Nitro-tyrosine is less than 0.9, and the ratio of components succinate, N2,N2-dimethyl-guanosine, adenine, citraconic acid, methylmalonate, and 1-methylguanosine is greater than 1.1.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least five components comprise succinate, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, adenine, citraconic acid, and 1-methylguanosine.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the control serum is obtained from a normal, healthy subject or obtained from the subject at an earlier time.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring the concentrations of at least one additional serum metabolite selected from the group consisting of:
malonic acid/3HBA, G16BP, urate, aconitate, homogentisate, methylsuccinate, 1-methyladenosine, cystathionine, linolenic acid, cytidine, pyruvate, alanine, and gama-aminobutyrate.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in a serum sample from the subject, wherein a statistically significant increase in CEA relative to a control sample is indicative of progression of CRC.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measuring comprises liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, enzymatic assay, and/or immunoassay.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of each of the components is measured.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the concentration of 20 metabolites is measured.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the CEA in the serum sample is greater than or equal to 2.5 ng/ml.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio determined in step (b) is less than 0.95 or greater than 1.2.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is or has been on treatment, and wherein treating the subject for CRC progression comprises an adjustment to therapy.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein treating the subject for CRC progression comprises surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the treating comprises chemotherapy.