Hybridosomes, compositions comprising the same, processes for their production and uses thereof

1. A process for manufacturing a hybrid biocompatible carrier (hybridosome), said process comprising contacting a first vesicle with a second vesicle, thereby uniting said first vesicle with said second vesicle and producing said hybridosome,

wherein said first vesicle has been produced in vitro, and said first vesicle comprises (i) a membrane, (ii) a therapeutic agent, and (iii) a fusogenic, ionizable, cationic lipid at a molar concentration of at least 30% of total lipid of the first vesicle, and wherein said second vesicle comprises a lipid bilayer, and wherein said second vesicle has been produced in vivo and is released into the extracellular environment.

2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the contacting step is performed in at least one of:

a. in a buffer having a pH between 4 and 6; and

b. at a reaction temperature of about 37° C.

3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said second vesicle is selected from the group consisting of exosomes, ectosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies.

4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said first vesicle is selected from the group consisting of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs), liposomes, polymer-stabilized LNPs, cerasomes, sphingosomes, polymersomes, synthetic- nanoparticle stabilized LNPs, natural membrane-derived LNPs, and natural membrane-coated LNPs.

5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said ionizable cationic lipid is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-DiLinoleyloxy-N,N-dimethylaminopropane (DLinDMA), 2,2-dilinoleyl-4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-[1,3]-dioxolane (DLin-KC2-DMA), heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl4-(dimethylamino)butanoate (DLin-MC 3-DMA), 1,2-dioleoyl- 3-dimethylammonium-propane (DODAP), N-(4-carboxybenzyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2,3-bis(oleoyloxy)propan-1-aminium (DOBAQ), YSK05, 4-(((2,3-bis(oleoyloxy)propyl)-(methyl)amino)methyl)benzoic acid (DOBAT), N-(4-carboxybenzyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2,3-bis(oleoyloxy)propan-1-aminium (DOBAQ), 3-((2,3-bis(oleoyloxy)propyl)(methyl)amino)propanoic acid (DOPAT), N-( 2-carboxypropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2,3-bis-(oleoyloxy)-propan- 1 -aminium (DOMPAQ),N -(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2,3-bis(oleoyloxy)propan- 1 -aminium (DOAAQ),Alny-100, 3-(dimethylamino)-propyl(12Z,15Z)-3-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl]-henicosa -12,15-dienoate (DMAP-BLP), and derivatives of ionizable amino-lipids.

6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said first vesicle further comprises a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is selected from the group consisting of antibodies or fragments thereof, antibody-like molecules, peptides, proteins, aptamers, oligonucleotides and polysaccharides.

7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said first vesicle further comprises a PEG-modified lipid selected from the group consisting of a PEG-phospholipid, PEG-modified phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE), PEG-modified ceramides, PEG-modified dialkylamines, PEG-modified diacylglycerols, polyethylene glycol dipalmitoylglycerol (PEG-DPG), PEG-modified dialkylglycerols, (methoxy polyethylene glycol)-dimyristolglycerol (PEG-s-DMG), a PEG-dialkyloxypropyl (DAA),R -3-[(w-methoxy-poly(ethyleneglycol)2000 )carbamoyl)]- 1,2- dimyristyloxypropyl-3-amine (PEG-c-DOMG), andN-acetylgalactosamine#R)-2,3-bis(octadecyloxy)propyl- 1-(methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)2000 )propylcarbamate)) (GaINAc-PEG-DSG).

8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said second vesicle is derived from

a. a tumor cell of a cancer or pre-cancer patient, or is derived from a tumor or cancer cell line;

b. a glioblastoma cells or a mantle cell lymphoma cell;

c. a cell selected from the group consisting of B-cells, antigen presenting cells, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, neutrophils, activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils and leukocytes;

d. a bacterial pathogen, amoebic pathogen, parasitic pathogen or fungal pathogen; or

e. a pathogen infected cell.

9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said therapeutic agent is:

a. a drug or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereof;

b. an antibody-based therapeutic agent; or

c. a peptide, a protein, or a nucleic acid.

10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said first vesicle further comprises a nucleic acid selected from the group consisting of small interfering RNA (siRNA), antisense RNA, micro RNA (miRNA), small or short hairpin RNA (shRNA), guide RNA (gRNA), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat RNA (crRNA), trans-activating clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat RNA (tracrRNA), immune-stimulating oligonucleotides, plasmids, antisense nucleic acids and ribozymes.

11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein

a. said first vesicle comprises at least one of a modified nucleic acid molecule and mRNA which encodes at least one antigen; or

b. said second vesicle comprises a disease-associated antigen selected from the group consisting of a tumor-associated antigen and a pathogen-associated antigen.

12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said first vesicle comprises an agent selected from the group consisting of:

a. a radioisotope selected from 225 Ac, 72 As, 211 At, 11 B, 128 Ba, 212 Bi, 75 Br, 77 Br, 14 C, 109 Cd, 62 Cu, 64 Cu, 67 Cu, 18 F, 67 Ga, 68 Ga, 3 H, 123 I, 125 I, 130 I, 131 I, 111 In, 177 Lu, 13 N, 15 O, 32 P, 33 P, 212 Pb, 103 Pd, 186 Re, 188 Re, 47 Sc, 153 Sm, 89 Sr, 99m Tc, 88 Y and 90 Y; and

b. a quantum dot, and a metal nanoparticle selected from a gold, a silver, an iron oxide and an iron nanoparticle.

13. The process of claim 1 wherein the ionizable cationic lipid is not detectably fusogenic at a pH of 7.6 as determined by an R18 dequenching assay over a period of 1000 seconds.

14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises terminating said uniting process by increasing the pH of the environment of said contacting step.

15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the contacting step is performed in a buffer having a pH of between 4 and 6.