Electroplating bath containing trivalent chromium and process for depositing chromium
The present invention refers to an electroplating bath for depositing chromium which comprises at least one trivalent chromium salt, at least one complexing agent, at least one halogen salt and optionally further additives. Moreover, the invention refers to a process for depositing chromium on a substrate using the mentioned electroplating bath.
1. An electroplating bath for depositing chromium metal coating on a substrate or chromium metal alloy coating on a substrate comprising:
100 to 400 g/L of at least one trivalent chromium salt,
100 to 400 g/L of at least one complexing agent,
1 to 50 g/L of at least one halogen salt,
0 to 10 g/L of additives, and
optionally an alloy former,
wherein the electroplating bath has a pH from 4 to 7 and is substantially free of divalent sulphur compounds and boric acid, its salts and/or derivatives and wherein the molar ratio of the complexing agent to the trivalent chromium salt is from 10:1 to 15:1, and
wherein the at least one complexing agent is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids and carboxylate salts.
2. The electroplating bath of claim 1 , wherein the trivalent chromium salt is selected from the group consisting of chromium(III) sulphate, in acidic or alkaline form, chromium(III) chloride, chromium(III) acetate, chromium(III) hydroxy acetate, chromium(III) formate, chromium(III) hydroxy formate, chromium(III) carbonate, chromium(III) methanesulfonate, potassium chromium(III) sulphate and mixtures thereof.
3. The electroplating bath of claim 1 , wherein the trivalent chromium salt is present in an amount of 120 to 160 g/L.
4. The electroplating bath of claim 1 , wherein the anion of the trivalent chromium salt is the anion of a volatile or electrochemically consumable acid.
5. The electroplating bath of claim 1 , wherein the alloy former is selected from the group consisting of vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, and mixtures thereof.
6. The electroplating bath of claim 1 , wherein the electroplating bath further comprises carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen provided from organic components or ammonia in the electroplating bath.
7. The electroplating bath of claim 1 , wherein the complexing agent is present in an amount of 100 to 300 g/L and/or the molar ratio of the complexing agent to the trivalent chromium salt is from 10:1 to 13:1.
8. The electroplating bath of claim 1 , wherein the halogen salt is selected from the group consisting of bromide, chloride, iodide, and fluoride salts and/or wherein the halogen salt is present in an amount of 5 to 50 g/L.
9. The electroplating bath of claim 1 , wherein the electroplating bath further comprises fluorides as at least one further complexing agent and/or as at least one further halogen salt.
10. The electroplating bath of claim 1 , wherein the additives are selected from the group consisting of brighteners and wetting agents.
11. The electroplating bath of claim 1 , wherein the electroplating bath is substantially free of chloride ions and/or substantially free of aluminium ions.
12. A process for depositing chromium metal coating on a substrate or chromium metal alloy coating on a substrate including the following steps:
providing the electroplating bath of claim 1 ,
immersing a substrate in the electroplating bath and
applying an electrical current to deposit trivalent chromium metal coating or chromium metal alloy coating on the substrate.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the electroplating bath is separated from an anode by a membrane.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein an anolyte comprises chromium (III) sulphate.