Multiple-electron aqueous battery
View Patent ↗The present invention is directed to a hybrid high voltage aqueous electrolyte battery that combines Ni/Mg 2 NiH 4 and Mg-ion rechargeable battery chemistries. The hybrid aqueous electrolyte battery can be used for plug-in hybrid electrical vehicles and electric vehicles.
1. An electrochemical cell comprising:
(a) an anode comprising Mg 2 Ni;
(b) a cathode comprising Mg 0.5 AOOH, wherein A is Mn, Co, Ni, or Fe; and
(c) a stable electrolyte composition comprising water and a sulfone salt, wherein the molality of the sulfone salt in the electrolyte is at least 20 m.
2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein A is Mn, Co or Ni.
3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein A is Mn or Ni.
4. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the sulfone salt is LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 .
5. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the volume percentage of water in the electrolyte composition relative to the total solvent volume is between 30% and 100%.
6. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the volume percentage of water in the electrolyte composition relative to the total solvent volume is between 40% and 100%.
7. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte composition has a pH between 6 and 9.
8. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell has an operating temperature between −40° C. and 100° C.
9. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell has an operating temperature between −40° C. and 70° C.
10. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell has a full cell voltage output between 1.5 V and 4.0 V.
11. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell has a full cell voltage output between 1.8 V and 4.0 V.
12. An electrochemical cell comprising:
(a) an anode comprising Mg 2 Ni;
(b) a cathode comprising Mg 0.5 AOOH, wherein A is metal or an alloy of a metal; and
(c) a stable aqueous electrolyte comprising a sulfone salt,
wherein the molality of the sulfone salt in the aqueous electrolyte is at least 20 m.
13. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the volume percentage of water in the aqueous electrolyte relative to the total solvent volume is 100%.
14. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 , wherein the pH of the aqueous electrolyte is between 6 and 9.
15. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein said electrochemical cell has more than 1000 cycle life at 80% depth of discharge.
16. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein said electrochemical cell has energy density of greater than 60 Wh/kg.
17. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein said sulfone salt is selected from the group consisting of LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 CH 3 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 C 4 H 9 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 C 4 F 9 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 F 3 )(SO 2 C 4 F 9 ), LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 )(SO 2 C 4 F 9 ), LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 4 SO 2 ), LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , and LiN(SO 2 F)(SO 2 CF 3 ).
18. An electrochemical cell comprising:
(a) an anode comprising Mg 2 Ni;
(b) a cathode comprising Mg 0.5 NiOOH; and
(c) a stable electrolyte composition comprising water and a sulfone salt, wherein the molality of the sulfone salt in the electrolyte is at least 20 m.
19. The electrochemical cell of claim 18 , wherein said stable electrolyte composition is a water-in-salt composition.