Assisted particle size reduction process
A new scalable process to control the particle size and the particle size distribution, comprising 5 steps: (i) suspension preparation in a mixture of solvents in which the API and/or excipient is partially soluble in one of the solvents; (ii) particle size reduction of the suspension; (iii) aging; (iv) stopping the aging by solvent removal; and (v) optionally, a step of isolating the processed ingredients in the form of powder.
1. A process for controlling the particle size, while controlling the particle size distribution, of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), or one or more APIs with one or more excipients, which process comprises:
a) suspending particles of the one or more APIs and optionally one or more excipients in a mixture of at least two solvents that comprise at least a first solvent and a second solvent; wherein at least the first solvent partially dissolves at least one of the APIs and/or excipients, wherein the API and/or excipient are soluble in the first solvent in an amount of 5,000 volumes or more of solvent per gram of solute, and wherein the API and/or excipient are substantially insoluble in the second solvent;
b) reducing the size of the particles in the suspension produced in step a);
c) aging the suspension by allowing the suspension to stand over a period of time of at least one hour so as to allow particle size growth to occur via Ostwald ripening;
d) stopping the aging by removing the first solvent.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is for reducing the particle size, while controlling the particle size distribution, of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), or one or more APIs with one or more excipients.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second solvent comprises an anti-solvent of the at least one API and/or excipient partially dissolved in the first solvent.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first solvent is present in proportions of first solvent/second solvent of from 2:1 to 0.01:1 w/w.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first solvent is present in proportions of first solvent/second solvent of from 1:4 to 0.1:1 w/w.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step d) of claim 1 of removing the first solvent is performed by distillation, drying, or filtration, or any combination thereof.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the particle size reduction of step b) of claim 1 is performed by high pressure homogenization, microfluidization, ball milling, or high shear mixing, or any combination thereof.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the suspension is processed using the required number of steps to achieve the target particle size.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step d) of claim 1 comprises distillation performed until the first solvent is removed.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step d) of claim 1 comprises a membrane filtration until the first solvent is removed.
11. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of isolating the products of the process in the form of powder wherein the isolation step comprises a filtration and/or a drying step.
12. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of isolating the products of the process in the form of powder wherein the isolation step comprises spray drying.
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the products of the process have a particle size distribution with a span selected from the group consisting of less than 2.5, below 1.8 and below 1.5.
14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is a top down production process.
15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the particles produced by the process comprise microparticles.
16. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more APIs comprise one or more corticosteroids.
17. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more APIs comprise one or more antibiotics.
18. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more APIs is selected from a group consisting of mometasone, fluticasone, tiotropium, ciclesonide, budesonide, formoterol, salmeterol, salbutamol, beclomethasone, betamethasone, ipratropium, terbutaline, hydrocortisone, fosfomycin, tobramycin, doxycycline minocycline, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, rifampicin, gentamicin, amphotericin, and azithromicin or combinations thereof.
19. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more excipients is selected from a group consisting of surfactants, amino acids, lipids, waxes, fatty acids, sugars, flavoring agents, and polymers, or combinations thereof.
20. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of APIs and excipients in the suspension is selected from the group consisting of 30% w/w or less, 15% w/w or less, and 10% w/w or less.
21. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the API and/or excipient are soluble in the first solvent in an amount of 10,000 volumes of solvent per gram of solute.
22. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more APIs comprise tiotropium bromide, the first solvent is an ester formed from the reaction of a C 1 to C 5 alcohol and a C 1 to C 5 carboxylic acid, and the second solvent is a C 1 to C 9 alkane.
23. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more APIs comprise tiotropium bromide, the first solvent is ethyl acetate and the second solvent is heptane.
24. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more APIs comprise fluticasone propionate, the second solvent is water, and the first solvent is a C 1 to C 6 ketone.
25. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more APIs comprise fluticasone propionate, the second solvent is water and the first solvent is acetone.