Thermoformed article formed from a porous polymeric sheet

1. A thermoformed article that is formed from a polymeric sheet having a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 100 millimeters, wherein the polymeric sheet contains a thermoplastic composition that includes a continuous phase that includes a matrix polymer,

wherein a polymeric microinclusion additive is present in an amount of from 1 wt. % to 20 wt. % based on the weight of the thermoplastic composition and a polymeric nanoinclusion additive is present in an amount of from 0.01 wt. % to 15 wt. % based on the weight of the thermoplastic composition,

wherein the microinclusion addition and the nanoinclusion additive are dispersed within the continuous phase in the form of discrete domains,

wherein a porous network is defined in the composition that includes a plurality of nanopores having an average cross-sectional dimension of about 800 nanometers or less, and

wherein the polymeric sheet exhibits a machine direction and/or a cross-machine direction tensile modulus of from 100 MPa to 2,500 MPa, as determined in accordance with ASTM D638-10 at 23° C.

2. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the nanopores have an average cross-sectional dimension of from about 1 to about 500 nanometers and/or an average axial dimension of from about 100 to about 5000 nanometers.

3. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the total pore volume of the composition is from about 15% to about 80% per cubic centimeter.

4. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the nanopores constitute about 15 vol. % or more of the total pore volume of the composition.

5. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein:

the continuous phase constitutes from about 75 wt. % to about 98 wt. % of the thermoplastic composition;

the microinclusion additive constitutes from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the composition, based on the weight of the continuous phase; and/or

the nanoinclusion additive constitutes from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the composition, based on the weight of the continuous phase.

6. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the composition is free of gaseous blowing agents.

7. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the porous network further includes micropores having an average cross-sectional dimension of from about 0.5 to about 30 micrometers and/or an aspect ratio of from about 1 to about 30.

8. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the porous network is distributed in a homogeneous fashion throughout the composition.

9. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the nanopores are distributed in parallel columns.

10. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the micro-scale domains have an average cross-sectional dimension of from about 0.5 to about 250 micrometers.

11. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the sheet is multi-layered and contains a core layer and at least one outer layer, wherein the core layer, the outer layer, or both contain the thermoplastic composition.

12. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the sheet has a thickness of from about 0.4 to about 60 millimeters.

13. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the continuous phase constitutes from 60 wt. % to 99 wt. % of the thermoplastic composition.

14. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the matrix polymer includes a polyester or polyolefin.

15. The thermoformed article of claim 14 , wherein the polyester includes polylactic acid or polyethylene terephthalate.

16. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the microinclusion additive includes a polyolefin.

17. The thermoformed article of claim 16 , wherein the polyolefin includes a propylene homopolymer, propylene/α-olefin copolymer, or a combination thereof.

18. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the nanoinclusion additive is a functionalized polyolefin.

19. The thermoformed article of claim 18 , wherein the functionalized polyolefin is a polyepoxide.

20. The thermoformed article of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic composition further comprises an interphase modifier.

21. The thermoformed article of claim 20 , wherein the interphase modifier constitutes from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the composition based on the weight of the continuous phase.

22. The thermoformed article of claim 20 , wherein the interphase modifier comprises a silicone, silicone-polyether copolymer, aliphatic polyester, aromatic polyester, alkylene glycol, alkane diol, amine oxide, fatty acid ester, or a combination thereof.

23. A method for thermoforming the article of claim 1 , the method comprising:

heating the polymeric sheet to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic composition;

supplying the heated polymeric sheet to a thermoforming mold; and

shaping the polymeric sheet within the mold.

24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the sheet is drawn to a draw ratio of from about 1.1 to about 3.5 and wherein the polymeric sheet exhibits a machine direction and/or cross-machine direction peak stress of from 5 to 65 MPa.

25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the sheet is drawn at a temperature at least about 10° C. below the glass transition temperature of the matrix polymer.

26. The method of claim 23 , wherein the sheet is heated at a temperature of from about 30° C. to about 150° C.

27. The method of claim 23 , wherein the sheet is trimmed after being shaped.

28. The method of claim 23 , wherein the polymeric sheet is drawn prior to being supplied to the thermoforming mold.

29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the polymeric sheet is drawn at a temperature that is lower than the glass transition temperature of the matrix polymer.