Method of forming parts from sheet metal alloy
A method of forming a part from sheet metal alloy is provided, for example, forming a part from aluminium alloy. The method comprises heating (A) the sheet metal alloy to a temperature at which solution heat treatment of the alloy occurs and so as to achieve solution heat treatment. The sheet is cooled (B) at least the critical cooling rate for the alloy and then placed between dies to form (C) it into or towards the part.
1. A method of forming a part of complex shape from sheet 7XXX alloy, the method comprising the sequential steps of:
(a) heating the sheet to a temperature at which solution heat treatment of the alloy occurs so as to achieve solution heat treatment;
(b) measuring the temperature of the sheet at one or more positions on the sheet and cooling the sheet by controlling the cooling rate of the sheet to at or above the critical cooling rate of the alloy until a target temperature is reached based on the measured temperature at the one or more positions, wherein the target temperature is 50° C. to less than 450° C.; and then
(c) placing the sheet between dies to form it into or towards the complex shape,
wherein the sheet is of an AA7XXX aluminium alloy, and step (a) comprises heating the sheet to between 460° C. and 520° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises cooling the sheet at at least the rate at which microstructural precipitation in the alloy is avoided.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sheet is cooled to the lowest temperature that still allows forming of the part.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises applying a cooling medium to the sheet.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cooling medium is a solid.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein step (b) comprises applying a load to the solid to increase the pressure of the solid on the sheet.
7. The method of claim 5 , the solid comprising a surface arranged to be in contact with the sheet, at least one first area of that surface being in relief relative to at least one second area.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cooling medium is a fluid.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises selectively cooling at least a first area of the sheet to a first temperature which is lower than a second temperature, to which at least a second area of the sheet is cooled.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein step (b) comprises selectively cooling at least a first area of the sheet to a first temperature which is lower than a second temperature to which at least a second area of the sheet is cooled by applying a solid cooling medium with greater pressure to the first area than to the second area.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein step (b) comprises selectively cooling at least a first area of the sheet to a first temperature which is lower than a second temperature to which at least a second area of the sheet is cooled by applying a solid cooling medium to the first area and not to the second area.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein step (b) comprises selectively cooling at least a first area of the sheet to a first temperature which is lower than a second temperature to which at least a second area of the sheet is cooled by directing a fluid at the first area of the sheet with a longer duration, lower temperature and/or greater mass flow than at the second area.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises heating the sheet to above the solution heat treatment temperature and maintaining the sheet at the solution heat treatment temperature for at least 15 seconds.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dies are cooled.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises cooling the sheet at a cooling station forming part of an apparatus arranged to transfer the sheet to the dies.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target temperature is 50° C. to 350° C.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target temperature is 50° C. to 300° C.
18. A method of forming a part of complex shape from sheet metal alloy, the method comprising the sequential steps of:
(a) heating the sheet to a temperature at which solution heat treatment of the alloy occurs and so as to achieve solution heat treatment;
(b) cooling the sheet at at least the critical cooling rate for the alloy, including selectively cooling at least a first area of the sheet to a first temperature which is lower than a second temperature to which at least a second area of the sheet is cooled by applying a solid cooling medium with greater pressure to the first area than to the second area; and then
(c) placing the sheet between dies to form it into or towards the complex shape.
19. A method of forming a part of complex shape from sheet 6XXX or 7XXX alloy, the method comprising the sequential steps of:
(a) heating the sheet to a temperature at which solution heat treatment of the alloy occurs so as to achieve solution heat treatment;
(b) measuring the temperature of the sheet at one or more positions on the sheet and cooling the sheet by controlling the cooling rate of the sheet to at or above the critical cooling rate of the alloy until a target temperature is reached based on the measured temperature at the one or more positions, wherein the target temperature is 50° C. to less than 450° C.; and then
(c) placing the sheet between dies to form it into or towards the complex shape,
wherein step (b) comprises selectively cooling at least a first area of the sheet to a first temperature which is lower than a second temperature to which at least a second area of the sheet is cooled by applying a solid cooling medium with greater pressure to the first area than to the second area.