Method of manufacturing fine particles suitable for orally disintegrating pharmaceutical dosage forms
Disclosed are methods of making oral pharmaceutical compositions that contain substantially crush resistant drug containing microparticles. The microparticles may contain an active pharmaceutical agent, a polymer and a plasticizer. The microparticles may be un-coated (so as to impart an immediate release profile) or coated so as to impart an extended release (ER), delayed release (DR) or delayed extended release (DER) profile. One or more of the populations of microparticles may be coated with a taste masking composition. The methods may produce oral compositions such as orally disintegrating tablets that contain one or more these types of microparticles in order to further customize the release profile. Also disclosed are the oral compositions, per se, and methods of using same for their intended purposes.
1. A method for making an oral pharmaceutical composition, comprising a) making crush resistant immediate-release (IR) microparticles; b) optionally coating the crush resistant IR microparticles; and c) formulating the optionally coated crush resistant IR microparticles into an oral pharmaceutical composition;
wherein the step of making crush resistant IR microparticles comprises:
1) subjecting a therapeutically effective amount of an active pharmaceutical ingredient, a cationic pH-dependent polymer, and a plasticizer, each in amounts effective to render the IR microparticles crush resistant, to hot melt extrusion to obtain extrudates, and
2) milling the extrudates using downstream processing equipment to produce a population of crush resistant IR microparticles with a mean particle size ranging from about 50 microns to about 250 microns.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oral pharmaceutical composition is an orally disintegrating tablet.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising coating the crush resistant IR microparticles with an extended release (ER) coating composition, prior to step c), thus the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises a population of ER microparticles.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the ER coating composition comprises a plasticizer, and a nonionic pH-independent polymer.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising coating the crush resistant IR microparticles with a delayed release (DR) coating composition, prior to step c), thus the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises a population of DR microparticles.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the DR coating composition comprises a plasticizer, and an anionic pH-dependent polymer.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising coating the crush resistant IR microparticles with an extended release (ER) coating composition and a delayed release (DR) coating composition, prior to step c), thus the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises a population of delayed extended release (DER) microparticles.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising coating the crush resistant IR microparticles with a taste-masking coating composition, prior to step c), thus the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises a population of taste-masked IR microparticles.
9. The method of claim 3 , further comprising coating the ER microparticles with a taste-masking coating composition, prior to step c), thus the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises a population of taste-masked ER microparticles.
10. The method of claim 5 , further comprising coating the DR microparticles with a taste-masking coating composition, prior to step c), thus the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises a population of taste-masked DR microparticles.
11. The method of claim 7 , further comprising coating the DER microparticles with a taste-masking coating composition, prior to step c), thus the oral pharmaceutical composition comprises a population of taste-masked DER microparticles.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: i) subdividing the crush resistant IR microparticles from step 2) into at least two subpopulations of the crush resistant IR microparticles; coating one subpopulation of the crush resistant IR microparticles from step i) with at least one of an extended release (ER) coating composition, a delayed release (DR) coating composition, or an extended release (ER) coating composition and a delayed release (DR) coating composition, to produce at least one population of ER microparticles, DR microparticles, or delayed extended release (DER) microparticles, iii) coating one subpopulation of the crush resistant immediate-release (IR) microparticles from step i), and the at least one population of ER microparticles, DR microparticles, or delayed extended release (DER) microparticles from step ii) with a taste-masking coating composition to produce taste-masked IR microparticles, and at least one population of taste-masked ER microparticles, taste-masked DR microparticles, or taste-masked DER microparticles, and iv) mixing the subpopulation of the crush resistant immediate-release (IR) microparticles if present from step i), and the at least one population of taste-masked IR microparticles, taste-masked ER microparticles, taste-masked DR microparticles, or taste-masked DER microparticles from step iii, prior to step c).
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the active pharmaceutical ingredient is methylphenidate.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of dibutyl sebacate and triethyl citrate.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cationic pH-dependent polymer comprises a copolymer of butyl methacrylate, (2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate.
16. The method of claim 4 , wherein the nonionic pH-independent polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetate/polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, copolymer of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and a low content of methacrylic acid ester with quaternary ammonium groups 1:2:0.1 (EUDRAGIT® RS 100), and copolymer of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and a low content of methacrylic acid ester with quaternary ammonium groups 1:2:0.2 (EUDRAGIT® RL 100).
17. The method of claim 6 , wherein the anionic polymer is selected from the group consisting of a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate 1:1 (EUDRAGIT® L100), a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate 1:2 (EUDRAGIT® S100), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, hypromellose acetate succinate, cellulose acetate phthalate, and polyvinyl acetate phthalate.