Chloroplast expressing colostrum or milk polypeptides

1. A microalgal chloroplast comprising a polynucleotide encoding mammalian osteopontin integrated into the chloroplast genome, wherein the osteopontin polypeptide has at least 90% sequence identity to a polypeptide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20 and SEQ ID NO:22, wherein the chloroplast expresses a phosphorylated and bioactive osteopontin polypeptide.

2. The chloroplast of claim 1 , wherein the chloroplast is from a green algae.

3. The chloroplast of claim 1 , wherein the microalgal chloroplast is from a microalga selected from the group consisting of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella vulgaris, Acutodesmus obliquus , and Scenedesmus dimorphus.

4. The chloroplast of claim 2 , wherein the green algae is selected from the group consisting of Chlamydomonas, Dunaliella, Haematococcus, Chlorella , and Scenedesmaceae.

5. The chloroplast of claim 1 , further wherein the chloroplast comprises at least two polynucleotides encoding at least two mammalian milk or colostrum polypeptides.

6. The chloroplast of claim 5 , wherein the at least two mammalian milk or colostrum polypeptides comprise (i) osteopontin and (ii) mammary associated serum amyloid A3 (M-SAA3) and/or lactadherin.

7. The chloroplast of claim 5 , wherein the at least two mammalian polypeptides comprises osteopontin and one or more mammalian milk or colostrum polypeptides selected from mammary associated serum amyloid A3 (M-SAA3), lactadherin, beta-lactoglobin, haptoglobin, IgG1, IgG2, IgA, IgM, IgD, lactoferrin, proline rich polypeptide (PRP), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF-2, epidermal growth factor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, betacellulin, IL-6, IL-1β, IL 1ra, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins, serum albumin, glycomacropeptide, β-casein, κ-casein, αs1 casein, αs2-casein, γ-casein, superoxide dismutase, lactoperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase, platelet-activating factor-acetylhydroxylase, lipase, mucins, antimicrobial peptides, alpha-defensins, beta-defensins, cathelicidins, 14-3-3 protein zeta chain, 5-oxoprolinase, actin, beta-actin, adipose differentiation-related protein, albumin precursor, aldehyde dehydrogenase, ankyrin 3, ankyrin G, annexin 1, annexin A2, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, actin-related protein 3, ATP synthase, beta-2-microglobulin precursor; butyrophilin, actin filament capping protein; muscle Z-line, alpha 1; casein kinase 1, alpha 1; coronin, actin binding protein, 1A; CD36 antigen; Chitinase-like protein 1 (CLP-1); DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (SEQ ID NO:25)) box polypeptide 54; deleted in malignant brain tumors 1; diacylglycerol kinase kappa; endoplasmin precursor (GRP94); enolase 1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4, gamma 2; heart type fatty acid binding protein (MDGI); fetuin; fibrinogen alpha chain; fibrinogen beta chain precursor; fibrinogen gamma-B chain precursor; gene model 440; glucose regulated protein 58 kD; glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 1; glutathione S-transferase; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; dehydrogenase (GAPDH); glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2; glycoprotein antigen MGP57/53; glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1; guanine nucleotide binding protein, beta 2; H3 histone, family 3A; heat shock 70 kDa protein 8; heat shock 70 kD protein 5 ; heat shock protein 27; heat shock protein 70 kDa protein 1A; histone 2, H2ab; zinc finger protein 668; hypothetical/unnamed protein LOC51063; IRTA2; isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; keratin 9; keratin complex 2, basic, gene 6a; keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10; and KIAA1586 protein.

8. The chloroplast of claim 1 , wherein the osteopontin polypeptide is from a mammal selected from the group consisting of human, canine, feline, bovine, porcine, ovine, and caprine.

9. The chloroplast of claim 1 , wherein the polynucleotide encoding mammalian osteopontin comprises a polynucleotide having at least 90% sequence identity to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19 and SEQ ID NO:21.

10. The chloroplast of claim 5 , wherein the two or more mammalian polypeptides are bioactive and phosphorylated at 50% or more of the amino acid positions that are phosphorylated in the mammalian peptide expressed from a mammalian cell.

11. A cell comprising the chloroplast of claim 1 .

12. The cell of claim 11 , wherein the cell is intact.

13. The cell of claim 11 , wherein the cell is freeze-dried.

14. A method for producing one or more mammalian colostrum or milk proteins, comprising culturing the cell of claim 11 .

15. A composition edible by a mammal and/or a chicken comprising one or more populations of cells of claim 11 .

16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the composition is selected from a beverage, a food, a feed, a food supplement, and a nutraceutical.

17. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of a compressed algal cake, an algal paste, and an algal powder.

18. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the composition is freeze-dried, lyophilized, or spray-dried.

19. The cell of claim 11 , further comprising a polynucleotide encoding mammary associated serum amyloid A3 (M-SAA3) integrated into the nuclear genome of the cell.

20. The chloroplast of claim 1 , wherein the polynucleotide encoding mammalian osteopontin comprises a polynucleotide having at least 95% sequence identity to a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19 and SEQ ID NO:21.

21. The cell of claim 11 , wherein the cell is a microalgal cell.

22. The cell of claim 11 , wherein the cell is from a green algae selected from the group consisting of Chlamydomonas, Dunaliella, Haematococcus, Chlorella , and Scenedesmaceae.