Primary alkaline battery
A primary battery includes a cathode having a non-stoichiometric metal oxide including transition metals Ni, Mn, Co, or a combination of metal atoms, an alkali metal, and hydrogen; an anode; a separator between the cathode and the anode; and an alkaline electrolyte.
1. A cathode comprising a composite of Li 1−x H y NiO 2 and one or more cathode active materials selected from the group consisting of acid-treated electrolytic manganese dioxide, acid-treated chemically-prepared manganese dioxide, λ-MnO 2 , layered cobalt oxide, layered manganese oxide, and combinations thereof, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than 1 and y is less than or equal to x.
2. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the values for x and y in Li 1−x H y NiO 2 independently range from 0.1 to 0.9.
3. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the layered cobalt oxide is a partially delithiated layered lithium cobalt oxide.
4. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the layered manganese oxide is a partially delithiated layered lithium manganese oxide.
5. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the λ-MnO 2 is a partially delithiated spinel-type lithium manganese oxide.
6. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the composite comprises acid treated electrolytic manganese dioxide and a weight ratio of the Li 1−x H y NiO 2 to the acid-treated electrolytic manganese oxide weight ratio is 19:1 or less.
7. A battery comprising the cathode of claim 1 , an anode including zinc or zinc alloy particles, an alkaline electrolyte solution, and a separator.
8. A battery comprising the cathode of claim 1 , an anode, a separator between the cathode and the anode, and an alkaline electrolyte.
9. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein Ni has an average oxidation state of at least 0.3 greater than the average oxidation state of Ni in LiNiO 2 .
10. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein a Ni content of the Li 1−x H y NiO 2 comprises at least one atomic percent of Ni having a nominally tetravalent oxidation state.
11. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein a Ni content of the Li 1−x H y NiO 2 comprises at most ninety atomic percent of Ni having a nominally trivalent oxidation state.
12. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the composite comprises acid treated electrolytic manganese dioxide and a weight ratio of the Li 1−x H y NiO 2 to the acid -treated electrolytic manganese oxide weight ratio is 1:9 or more.
13. A cathode comprising a composite of Li 1−x H y NiO 2 and one or more cathode active materials selected from the group consisting of acid-treated electrolytic manganese dioxide, acid-treated chemically-prepared manganese dioxide, λ-MnO 2 , layered cobalt oxide, layered manganese oxide, and combinations thereof, wherein the values for x and y in Li 1−x H y NiO 2 independently range from 0.1 to 0.9.
14. The cathode of claim 13 , wherein the composite comprises layered cobalt oxide and the layered cobalt is a partially delithiated layered lithium cobalt oxide.
15. The cathode of claim 13 , wherein the composite comprises layered manganese oxide and the layered manganese oxide is a partially delithiated layered lithium manganese oxide.
16. The cathode of claim 13 , wherein the composite comprises λ-MnO 2 and the λ-MnO 2 is a partially delithiated spinel-type lithium manganese oxide.
17. The cathode of claim 13 , wherein the composite comprises acid treated electrolytic manganese dioxide and a weight ratio of the Li 1−x H y NiO 2 to the acid-treated electrolytic manganese oxide weight is 19:1 or less.
18. The cathode of claim 17 , wherein the composite comprises acid treated electrolytic manganese dioxide and a weight ratio of the Li 1−x H y NiO 2 to the acid-treated electrolytic manganese oxide weight is 1:9 or more.
19. A battery comprising the cathode of claim 13 , an anode including zinc or zinc alloy particles, an alkaline electrolyte solution, and a separator.
20. A battery comprising the cathode of claim 13 , an anode, a separator between the cathode and the anode, and an alkaline electrolyte.
21. The cathode of claim 13 , wherein Ni has an average oxidation state of at least 0.3 greater than the average oxidation state of Ni in LiNiO 2 .
22. The cathode of claim 13 , wherein a Ni content of the Li 1−x H y NiO 2 comprises at least one atomic percent of Ni having a nominally tetravalent oxidation state.
23. The cathode of claim 13 , wherein a Ni content of the Li 1−x H y NiO 2 comprises at most ninety atomic percent of Ni having a nominally trivalent oxidation state.