Stable fluorinated alkylated lithium malonatoborate salts for lithium-ion battery applications
The invention is directed in a first aspect to electrolyte salt of the general formula Li + Z − , wherein Z − has the following chemical formula: wherein R 1 is an alkyl group (R′) containing at least one and up to twelve carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from fluorine atom, hydrocarbon groups R, alkoxy groups (—OR), and ester groups —OC(O)R, wherein R 2 and R 3 can optionally interconnect via R functionalities to form a boron-containing ring. The invention is also directed to electrolyte compositions in which the above electrolyte salt is incorporated. The invention is further directed to lithium-ion batteries containing these electrolytes.
1. An electrolyte salt of the general formula Li + Z − , wherein Z − has the following chemical formula:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group (R′) containing at least one and up to four carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 are fluorine atoms.
2. An electrolyte salt of the general formula Li + Z − , wherein Z − has the following chemical formula:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group (R′); R 4 is a fluorine atom; and R 5 is a fluorine atom or an alkyl group (R′); wherein R′ contains at least one and up to four carbon atoms.
3. An electrolyte composition for a lithium-ion battery, the electrolyte composition comprising an electrolyte salt of the general formula Li + Z − dissolved in a liquid or gel solvent suitable for use in a lithium-ion battery, wherein Z − has the following chemical formula:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group (R′) containing at least one and up to four carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 are fluorine atoms.
4. The electrolyte composition of claim 3 , wherein the liquid or gel solvent is a carbonate or sulfone solvent.
5. The electrolyte composition of claim 3 , wherein the liquid or gel solvent is an ionic liquid solvent.
6. An electrolyte composition for a lithium-ion battery, the electrolyte composition comprising an electrolyte salt of the general formula Li + Z − dissolved in a liquid or gel solvent suitable for use in a lithium-ion battery, wherein Z − has the following chemical formula:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group (R′); R 4 is a fluorine atom; and R 5 is an alkyl group (R′); wherein R′ contains at least one and up to four carbon atoms.
7. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
(a) an anode;
(b) a cathode; and
(c) an electrolyte composition comprising an electrolyte salt of the general formula Li + Z − dissolved in a liquid or gel solvent suitable for use in a lithium-ion battery, wherein Z − has the following chemical formula:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group (R′) containing at least one and up to four carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 are fluorine atoms.
8. The lithium-ion battery of claim 7 , wherein the liquid or gel solvent is a carbonate or sulfone solvent.
9. The lithium-ion battery of claim 7 , wherein the liquid or gel solvent is an ionic liquid solvent.
10. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
(a) an anode;
(b) a cathode; and
(c) an electrolyte composition comprising an electrolyte salt of the general formula Li + Z − dissolved in a liquid or gel solvent suitable for use in a lithium-ion battery, wherein Z − has the following chemical formula:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group (R′); R 4 is a fluorine atom; and R 5 is an alkyl group (R′), wherein R′ contains at least one and up to four carbon atoms.
11. An electrolyte salt of the general formula Li + Z − , wherein Z − has the following chemical formula:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group (R′) containing at least one and up to four carbon atoms and one ether functionality, and R 2 and R 3 are fluorine atoms.
12. An electrolyte composition for a lithium-ion battery, the electrolyte composition comprising an electrolyte salt of the general formula Li + Z − dissolved in a liquid or gel solvent suitable for use in a lithium-ion battery, wherein Z − has the following chemical formula:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group (R′) containing at least one and up to four carbon atoms and one ether functionality, and R 2 and R 3 are fluorine atoms.
13. The electrolyte composition of claim 12 , wherein the liquid or gel solvent is a carbonate or sulfone solvent.
14. The electrolyte composition of claim 12 , wherein the liquid or gel solvent is an ionic liquid solvent.
15. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
(a) an anode;
(b) a cathode; and
(c) an electrolyte composition comprising an electrolyte salt of the general formula Li + Z − dissolved in a liquid or gel solvent suitable for use in a lithium-ion battery, wherein Z − has the following chemical formula:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group (R′) containing one and up to four carbon atoms and one ether functionality, and R 2 and R 3 are fluorine atoms.
16. The lithium-ion battery of claim 15 , wherein the liquid or gel solvent is a carbonate or sulfone solvent.
17. The lithium-ion battery of claim 15 , wherein the liquid or gel solvent is an ionic liquid solvent.