Electrophoretic display fluid

1. An electrophoretic fluid comprising three types of charged particles dispersed in a solvent or solvent mixture, wherein:

(i) a first type of particles (i), which is non-white and non-black and formed from an inorganic pigment, is surface treated using free radical polymerization;

(ii) a second type of particles (ii), which is non-white and non-black and formed from an organic pigment, is surface treated using dispersion polymerization; and

(iii) a third type of particles (iii), which is black in color,

wherein the first and second types of particles are differently colored and have different surface chemistry, and wherein the first, second, and third types of particles have the same charge polarity, and

wherein the first, second, and third types of particles carry different magnitudes of charge from each other.

2. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the electrophoretic fluid comprises four types of differently colored particles.

3. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the first type of particles (i) carries a greater charge magnitude than the second type of particles (ii).

4. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the first, second, and third types of particles are positively charged.

5. The fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the third type of particles (iii) has the largest magnitude of charge among the first, second, and third types of particles, the second type of particles (ii) has the smallest magnitude of charge among the first, second, and third types of particles, and the first type of particles (i) has a charge magnitude between the charge magnitudes of the third and second types of particles.

6. The fluid according to claim 1 , further comprising a fourth type of particles (iv) that carries a charge polarity opposite of the charge carried by the first type of particles (i) and the second type of particles (ii).

7. The fluid according to claim 6 , wherein the fourth type of particles are negatively charged.