Multicatalyst polyelectrolyte membranes and materials and methods utilizing the same
A multi-catalytic material that includes a polyelectrolyte membrane and methods of preparing the same are provided herein.
1. A multi-catalytic material, comprising:
a. a polyelectrolyte membrane (PEM), wherein the polyelectrolyte membrane comprises sulfonated styrene-ethylene/butadiene-styrene (sSEBS) or a combination of sSEBS and sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene fluoropolymer-copolymer, and wherein the polyelectrolyte membrane is coated with a positively charged polyelectrolyte;
b. polyoxometalate (POM) nanoparticles, wherein the polyoxometalate nanoparticles comprise K 5 Co III W 12 O 40 , K 9 [(Fe(H 2 O) 2 ) 3 (PW 9 O 24 ) 2 ], V 2 Mo 10 O 40 , (NH 4 ) 3 PW 12 O 40 or a combination thereof; wherein the polyoxometalate nanoparticles are adhered to a surface of the polyelectrolyte membrane coated by the positively charged polyelectrolyte; and
c. metal oxide (MO) nanoparticles, wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are within the polyelectrolyte membrane, and wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, MgO, CaO, TiO 2 , Co 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , NiO, Ni 2 O 3 , Ag 2 O, AgO, Ag 2 O 3 , CoO, Co 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , and combinations thereof.
2. The multi-catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein said positively charged polyelectrolyte is poly(diallyldimethylammonium).
3. The material of claim 1 , wherein the polyelectrolyte membrane comprises sulfonated styrene-ethane/butadiene-styrene (sSEBS).
4. The material of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles comprise clusters, alloys, core-shell particles, or a combination thereof.
5. The material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises a hydrophobic subphase, a hydrophilic subphase, or a combination thereof.
6. The material of claim 1 , comprising a polymeric layer configured to overlay a surface of the material.
7. The material of claim 1 , wherein the material is configured to decompose a chemical warfare agent.
8. The material of claim 7 , wherein the chemical warfare agent comprises a G-agent, an H-agent, a V-agent, or a combination thereof.
9. The material of claim 8 , wherein the H-agent comprises sulfur mustard, 2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide (CEES), or a combination thereof.
10. The material of claim 8 , wherein the V-agent comprises S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate, S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] O-ethyl methylphosphonothioate, 3-pyridyl 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl methylphosphonate, O-isobutyl S-(2-diethaminoethyl) methylphosphothioate, ethyl ({2-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}sulfanyl)(methyl)phosphinate (VX), O,O-diethyl-S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate, or a combination thereof.
11. The material of claim 8 , wherein the G-agent comprises tabun, sarin, soman, cyclosarin, ethyl sarin, O-isopentyl sarin, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidofluoridate, or a combination thereof.
12. The material of claim 7 , wherein the chemical warfare agent comprises, diisopropyl fluorophosphonate, dimethyl-methylphosphonate, malathion, or a combination thereof.
13. The material of claim 1 , wherein an interior portion of the material is configured to hydrolyze a molecule.
14. The material of claim 1 , wherein an exterior portion of the material is configured to oxidize a molecule.
15. The material of claim 1 , wherein the material is configured to transmit water vapor through the material.
16. The material of claim 1 , further comprising a plasticizer.
17. The material of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive material.
18. A self-decontaminating protective cloth comprising a multi-catalytic material as recited in claim 1 .
19. The cloth of claim 18 , wherein said multi-catalytic material is coated on a fabric.
20. The cloth of claim 18 , wherein the cloth is configured to decompose a chemical warfare agent and transmit water vapor through the clothing.
21. The cloth of claim 20 , wherein the chemical warfare agent comprises a G-agent, an H-agent, a V-agent, or a combination thereof.
22. The cloth of claim 21 , wherein the H-agent comprises sulfur mustard, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), or a combination thereof.
23. The cloth of claim 21 , wherein the V-agent comprises 5-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate, S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] O-ethyl methylphosphonothioate, 3-pyridyl 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl methylphosphonate, O-isobutyl S-(2-diethaminoethyl) methylphosphothioate, Ethyl ({2-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}sulfanyl)(methyl)phosphinate (VX), O,O-diethyl-S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate, or a combination thereof.
24. The cloth of claim 21 , wherein the G-agent comprises tabun, sarin, soman, cyclosarin, ethyl sarin, O-isopentyl sarin, 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidofluoridate, or a combination thereof.
25. The cloth of claim 20 , wherein the chemical warfare agent comprises, disopropyl fluorophosphonate, dimethyl-methylphosphonate, malathion, or a combination thereof.