Methods and apparatus for detecting airport terminal area congestion

1. A method for evaluating landing conditions at an airport, the method comprising:

obtaining, by an avionics system onboard a first aircraft, aircraft position data associated with a plurality of aircraft located within a range of the airport; and

computing a terminal congestion coefficient for the airport, based on the aircraft position data, by:

identifying a group of candidate aircraft of the plurality of aircraft, wherein the group of candidate aircraft is associated with a subset of the aircraft position data satisfying predefined criteria;

calculating a first time value for time spent by each of the group of candidate aircraft converting from airborne to surface traffic, and a second time value for time spent by each of the group of candidate aircraft in the range; and

computing a terminal congestion coefficient, based on the first time value and the second time value;

wherein the terminal congestion coefficient indicates a level of air traffic within the range of the airport.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining the aircraft position data further comprises:

receiving a plurality of aircraft transponder broadcast messages; and

determining the aircraft position data, based on the plurality of aircraft transponder messages.

3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising receiving the plurality of aircraft transponder messages transmitted from the plurality of aircraft.

4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising receiving the plurality of aircraft transponder messages transmitted from one or more ground systems.

5. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining the aircraft position data further comprises extracting an altitude value, a range value, a speed value, and a trajectory from each of the plurality of aircraft transponder broadcast messages; and

wherein the aircraft position data comprises the altitude value, the range value, the speed value, and the trajectory for each of the plurality of aircraft in the range.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining aircraft position data further comprises:

receiving user input indicating a scope of airspace; and

identifying the plurality of aircraft in the scope of airspace, wherein the range comprises the scope of airspace.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

determining whether the terminal congestion coefficient indicates a congestion pattern; and

when the terminal congestion coefficient indicates a congestion pattern, presenting a congestion pattern notification.

8. A system onboard an aircraft, for evaluating landing conditions at an airport, the system comprising:

a system memory element;

an aircraft transponder, configured to receive a plurality of aircraft transponder broadcast messages transmitted from a plurality of aircraft located within a range of the airport; and

at least one processor communicatively coupled to the system memory element and the aircraft transponder, the at least one processor configured to:

determine aircraft position data associated with the plurality of aircraft located within a range of the airport, based on the plurality of aircraft transponder broadcast messages;

compute a terminal congestion coefficient for the airport, based on the aircraft position data, by:

identifying a group of candidate aircraft of the plurality of aircraft, wherein the group of candidate aircraft is associated with a subset of the aircraft position data satisfying predefined criteria;

calculating a first time value for time spent by each of the group of candidate aircraft converting from airborne to surface traffic, and a second time value for time spent by each of the group of candidate aircraft in the range; and

computing a terminal congestion coefficient, based on the first time value and the second time value;

wherein the terminal congestion coefficient indicates a level of air traffic within the range of the airport; and

determine an optimal speed value and an optimal altitude value, based on the terminal congestion coefficient.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to extract an altitude value, a range value, and a speed value from each of the plurality of aircraft transponder broadcast messages; and

wherein the aircraft position data comprises the altitude value, the range value, and the speed value for the plurality of aircraft in the user-selected range.

10. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a Flight Management System (FMS) communicatively coupled to the system memory element and the aircraft transponder, wherein the FMS comprises the at least one processor;

wherein the at least one processor is further configured to optimize FMS predictions for landing, based on the terminal congestion coefficient, to reduce wait time in terminal airspace.

11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the aircraft transponder comprises an Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) unit.

12. The system of claim 8 , wherein the system further comprises an aircraft onboard display communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; and

wherein the aircraft onboard display is configured to present the terminal congestion coefficient.

13. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a user interface communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the user interface is configured to receive user input indicating a scope of airspace; and

wherein the at least one processor is further configured to identify the plurality of aircraft in the scope of airspace, and wherein the range comprises the scope of airspace.

14. The system of claim 8 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine whether the terminal congestion coefficient indicates a congestion pattern;

wherein the system further comprises an aircraft onboard display communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; and

wherein the aircraft onboard display is configured to present a congestion pattern notification, when the terminal congestion coefficient indicates a congestion pattern.

15. The system of claim 8 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine whether the terminal congestion coefficient indicates a congestion pattern;

wherein the system further comprises an aircraft onboard display communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; and

wherein the aircraft onboard display is configured to present a lack of congestion notification, when the terminal congestion coefficient does not indicate a congestion pattern.

16. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium containing instructions thereon, which, when executed by a processor, perform a method comprising:

receiving, via a first transponder, a plurality of aircraft transponder messages comprising position data for a plurality of aircraft located in a range of an airport;

computing, by an aircraft onboard computer system, a congestion coefficient for the airport, by:

identifying a group of candidate aircraft of the plurality of aircraft, wherein the group of candidate aircraft is associated with a subset of the aircraft position data satisfying predefined criteria;

calculating a first time value for time spent by each of the group of candidate aircraft converting from airborne to surface traffic, and a second time value for time spent by each of the group of candidate aircraft in the range; and

computing the congestion coefficient, based on the first time value and the second time value, wherein the congestion coefficient indicates a level of air traffic within the range of the airport; and

determining congestion conditions associated with the airport, based on the congestion coefficient.

17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein determining the congestion conditions further comprises:

comparing the congestion coefficient to a predefined threshold; and

when the congestion coefficient is more than the predefined threshold, determining that the congestion coefficient indicates heavy congestion at the airport, wherein the congestion conditions comprise the heavy congestion.

18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein determining the congestion conditions further comprises:

comparing the congestion coefficient to a predefined threshold; and

when the congestion coefficient is less than the predefined threshold, determining that the congestion coefficient indicates a lack of congestion at the airport, wherein the congestion conditions comprise the lack of congestion.

19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein computing the congestion coefficient further comprises:

identifying a group of candidate aircraft of the plurality of aircraft, wherein the group of candidate aircraft is associated with a subset of the aircraft position data satisfying predefined criteria;

calculating a time value for time spent by each of the group of candidate aircraft converting from airborne to surface traffic; and

computing a terminal congestion coefficient, based on the time value.