High temperature fracturing fluids with nanoparticles
Embodiments for a high temperature fracturing fluid comprise an aqueous fluid, carboxyl-containing synthetic polymer, metal oxide nanoparticles having a particle size of 0.1 to 500 nanometers, and a metal crosslinker which crosslinks the carboxyl-containing synthetic polymers to form a crosslinked gel, wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are dispersed within the crosslinked gel.
1. A fracturing fluid comprising:
an aqueous fluid;
carboxyl-containing synthetic polymers;
metal oxide nanoparticles having a particle size of 0.1 to 500 nanometers; and
a metal crosslinker which crosslinks the carboxyl-containing synthetic polymers to form a crosslinked gel, wherein:
the metal oxide nanoparticles are dispersed within the crosslinked gel,
the fracturing fluid comprises 1 to 100 pptg crosslinked gel, 1 to 100 pptg polyacrylamide, 1 to 3 gpt metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion, and 3 to 10 gpt metal crosslinker, and
the metal oxide nanoparticles consist of metal.
2. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the carboxyl-containing synthetic polymers comprise an acrylamide-based polymer.
3. The fracturing fluid of claim 2 , wherein the acrylamide-based polymer comprises a polyacrylamide copolymer, a polyacrylamide terpolymer, a polyacrylamide tetrapolymer, or combinations thereof.
4. The fracturing fluid of claim 2 , wherein the acrylamide-based polymer includes at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, and acrylic acid derivatives.
5. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the fracturing fluid comprises from 0.0002% to 2% by weight of metal oxide nanoparticles.
6. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the metal crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of zirconium crosslinkers, titanium crosslinkers, aluminum crosslinkers, iron crosslinkers, hafnium crosslinkers, antimony cross linkers, and combinations thereof.
7. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the fracturing fluid comprises from 0.02% to 2% by weight of metal crosslinker.
8. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the fracturing fluid comprises from 1 to 60 pptg of carboxyl-containing synthetic polymer.
9. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the fracturing fluid comprises one or more additives, wherein the additives are selected from the group consisting of buffers, antioxidants, biocides, clay stabilizers, diverting agents, fluid loss additives, friction reducers, iron controllers, gel stabilizers, surfactants, and combinations thereof.
10. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the fracturing fluid comprises 1 to 100 pptg of crosslinked gel.
11. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , further comprising a viscosity breaker to degrade the crosslinked gel.
12. The fracturing fluid of claim 11 , wherein the viscosity breaker is encapsulated for controlled release of the viscosity breaker.
13. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxides of the metal oxide nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, titanium oxide, and combinations thereof.
14. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are zirconium oxide nanoparticles, and the metal crosslinker is a zirconium crosslinker.
15. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , further comprising brine solution.
16. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles comprise transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides or combinations thereof.
17. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are in a metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion.
18. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 , wherein the fracturing fluid has a viscosity of greater than 450 cP measured at 300° F.
19. A fracturing fluid comprising:
an aqueous fluid;
carboxyl-containing synthetic polymers;
a 1 to 3 gpt metal oxide nanoparticle dispersion in which the nanoparticles have a particle size from 0.1 to 500 nanometers;
a viscosity of greater than 450 cP measured at 300° F.; and
a metal crosslinker which crosslinks the carboxyl-containing synthetic polymers to form a crosslinked gel, wherein:
the metal crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of zirconium crosslinkers, titanium crosslinkers, aluminum crosslinkers, iron crosslinkers, hafnium crosslinkers, antimony cross linkers, and combinations thereof,
the metal oxide nanoparticles are dispersed within the crosslinked gel,
the fracturing fluid comprises 1 to 100 pptg crosslinked gel, 1 to 100 pptg polyacrylamide, and 3 to 10 gpt metal crosslinker, and
the metal oxide nanoparticles consist of metal oxide.
20. The fracturing fluid of claim 19 , wherein a metal oxide of the metal oxide nanoparticles is selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, titanium oxide, and combinations thereof.
21. The fracturing fluid of claim 19 , wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are cerium oxide nanoparticles, and the metal crosslinker is a zirconium crosslinker.
22. The fracturing fluid of claim 19 , wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are titanium oxide nanoparticles, and the metal crosslinker is a zirconium crosslinker.