Waterproof breathable composite materials for fabrication of flexible membranes and other articles
A waterproof breathable material has a higher strength-to-weight ratio and higher tear resistance-to-weight ratio than traditional materials, and may be applied in a wide field of potential uses. A non-woven composite material comprises at least one waterproof breathable (W/B) membrane, a first unidirectional non-woven composite layer having multiple fibers enclosed by adhesive in parallel to each other, a second unidirectional non-woven composite layer having multiple fibers enclosed in adhesive in parallel to each other. The first unidirectional non-woven composite layer is positioned such that the fibers are oriented 90° relative to the fibers of the second unidirectional non-woven composite layer, and a space is formed between the first and second multiple fibers. No adhesive is present in the space.
1. A non-woven composite material comprising:
a first unidirectional fiber reinforced layer comprising a first set of parallel fibers embedded in a waterproof/breathable polymer, said first set of parallel fibers enclosed by a non-waterproof/breathable adhesive;
a second unidirectional fiber reinforced layer comprising a second set of parallel fibers embedded in a waterproof/breathable polymer, said second set of parallel fibers enclosed by a non-waterproof/breathable adhesive; and
at least one waterproof/breathable membrane bonded to said first or second unidirectional fiber reinforced layers, said membrane comprising pores allowing transfer of gas or water vapor through said membrane,
wherein said first and second unidirectional fiber reinforced layers are oriented and bonded together such that said first and second sets of parallel fibers are directionally offset relative to one another to create windows allowing transfer of gas or water vapor through said unidirectional fiber reinforced layers;
wherein said windows are absent said non-waterproof/breathable adhesive; and
wherein said windows are at least as large as said pores.
2. The non-woven composite material of claim 1 , wherein said first and second sets of parallel fibers are directionally offset at 90° relative to one another.
3. The non-woven composite material of claim 1 , further comprising at least one layer of woven or non-woven fabric.
4. The non-woven composite material of claim 1 , comprising two waterproof/breathable membrane layers, one bonded to said first unidirectional fiber reinforced layer, the other bonded to said second unidirectional fiber reinforced layer.
5. The non-woven composite material of claim 2 , further comprising a third unidirectional fiber reinforced layer comprising a third set of parallel fibers embedded in a waterproof/breathable polymer, said third set of parallel fibers enclosed by a non-waterproof/breathable adhesive, wherein spaces between said fibers are absent said non-waterproof/breathable adhesive; and wherein said third unidirectional fiber reinforced layer is oriented and bonded to any one of said first and second unidirectional fiber reinforced layers such that said third set of parallel fibers is directionally offset relative to said first and second sets of parallel fibers, and said spaces align with said windows.
6. The non-woven composite material of claim 5 , wherein said third and first sets of parallel fibers are directionally offset at 45° relative to one another.
7. A sleeping bag shell, tent wall or clothing comprising the non-woven composite of claim 1 .
8. The non-woven composite material of claim 1 , wherein said fibers comprise extended chain polyethylene.
9. A non-woven composite material comprising:
a first unidirectional fiber reinforced layer comprising a first set of parallel fibers embedded in a waterproof/breathable polymer, said first set of parallel fibers enclosed by a non-waterproof/breathable adhesive;
a second unidirectional fiber reinforced layer comprising a second set of parallel fibers embedded in a waterproof/breathable polymer, said second set of parallel fibers enclosed by a non-waterproof/breathable adhesive; and
at least one waterproof/breathable membrane bonded to ether one of said first or second unidirectional fiber reinforced layers, said membrane comprising pores allowing transfer of gas or water vapor through said membrane,
wherein said first and second layers are oriented and bonded together such that said first and second sets of parallel fibers are directionally offset relative to one another to create windows allowing transfer of gas or water vapor through said first and second unidirectional fiber reinforced layers;
wherein said windows are filled with said waterproof/breathable polymer, and
wherein said windows are at least as large as said pores.
10. The non-woven composite material of claim 9 , wherein said first and second sets of parallel fibers are directionally offset at 90° relative to one another.
11. The non-woven composite material of claim 9 , further comprising at least one layer of woven or non-woven fabric.
12. The non-woven composite material of claim 9 , comprising two waterproof/breathable membrane layers, one bonded to said first unidirectional fiber reinforced layer, the other bonded to said second unidirectional fiber reinforced layer.
13. The non-woven composite material of claim 10 further comprising a third unidirectional fiber reinforced layer comprising a third set of parallel fibers embedded in a waterproof/breathable polymer, said third set of parallel fibers enclosed by a non-waterproof/breathable adhesive, wherein spaces between said fibers are absent said non-waterproof/breathable adhesive; and wherein said third unidirectional fiber reinforced layer is oriented and bonded to any one of said first and second unidirectional fiber reinforced layers such that said third set of parallel fibers is directionally offset relative to said first and second sets of parallel fibers, and said spaces align with said windows.
14. The non-woven composite material of claim 13 , wherein said third and first sets of parallel fibers are directionally offset at 45° relative to one another.
15. A sleeping bag shell, tent wall or clothing comprising the non-woven composite of claim 9 .
16. The non-woven composite material of claim 9 , wherein said fibers comprise extended chain polyethylene.
17. A non-woven composite material comprising:
a first unidirectional fiber reinforced layer comprising a first set of parallel fibers embedded in a waterproof/breathable polymer;
a second unidirectional fiber reinforced layer comprising a second set of parallel fibers embedded in a waterproof/breathable polymer; and
at least one waterproof/breathable membrane bonded to ether one of said first or second unidirectional fiber reinforced layers, said membrane comprising pores allowing transfer of gas or water vapor through said membrane,
wherein said first and second layers are oriented and bonded together such that said first and second sets of parallel fibers are directionally offset 90° relative to one another to create grids of windows allowing transfer of gas or water vapor through said first and second unidirectional fiber reinforced layers;
wherein said windows are filled with said waterproof/breathable polymer, and
wherein said windows are at least as large as said pores.
18. The non-woven composite material of claim 17 , further comprising at least one layer of woven or non-woven fabric.
19. The non-woven composite material of claim 17 , comprising two waterproof/breathable membrane layers, one bonded to said first unidirectional fiber reinforced layer, the other bonded to said second unidirectional fiber reinforced layer.
20. The non-woven composite material of claim 17 , further comprising a third unidirectional fiber reinforced layer comprising a third set of parallel fibers embedded in a waterproof/breathable polymer, wherein said third unidirectional fiber reinforced layer is bonded to any one of said first and second unidirectional fiber reinforced layers such that said third set of parallel fibers is directionally offset 45° relative to said first set of parallel fibers, and said spaces align with said windows.