Population control using engineered translocations

1. A translocation mediated gene drive system, the gene drive system comprising:

a first construct, configured to be positionable at a first insertion site in a first chromosome, wherein the first construct comprises:

a) a first location to insert a first gene of interest;

b) a first promoter;

c) a first fragment of foreign stuffer DNA;

d) a second fragment of foreign stuffer DNA;

e) a first target site of a pair of target sites for an endonuclease positioned between the first and second fragments of foreign stuffer DNA;

f) a first splice acceptor site, positioned downstream from a-e; and

g) a first splice donor site, positioned between b and c, and

a second construct, configured to be positionable at a second insertion site in a second chromosome, wherein the second construct comprises:

h) a second location to insert a second gene of interest;

i) a second promoter;

j) a third fragment of foreign stuffer DNA, wherein the third fragment is homologous to the second fragment;

k) a fourth fragment of foreign stuffer DNA, wherein the fourth fragment is homologous to the first fragment;

l) a second target site of the pair of target sites for an endonuclease positioned between the third and fourth fragments of foreign stuffer DNA;

m) a second splice acceptor site, positioned downstream from h-l, and

n) a second splice donor site, positioned between i and j,

wherein the first and second chromosomes are non-homologous chromosomes,

wherein the first fragment of foreign stuffer DNA is homologous to the fourth fragment of foreign stuffer DNA and the second fragment of foreign stuffer DNA is homologous to the third fragment of foreign stuffer DNA,

wherein a double stranded break created at the first, and second target sites of the pair of target sites allows for homologous recombination between the first and fourth fragments, and between the second and third fragments upon a repair of the double stranded break (DSB),

wherein the repair of the DSB induces a chromosomal translocation and generates a first translocation chromosome and a second translocation chromosome.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the size of the first fragment of foreign stuffer DNA is about 50 bp to about 10 kb.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the size of the second fragment of foreign stuffer DNA is about 50 bp to about 10 kb.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the size of the third fragment of foreign stuffer DNA is about 50 bp to about 10 kb.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the size of the fourth fragment of foreign stuffer DNA is about 50 bp to about 10 kb.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first insertion site and second insertion site comprise an insertion site combination.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein an insertion site is located at least 500 bp from a gene.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second constructs inserted in the first and second insertion sites, respectively are oriented in the same direction with respect to the centromere of the first and second chromosomes.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the construct is transferable to a mosquito.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is self-perpetuating or self-propagating or both when present at a high frequency.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gene drive system is configured to be spread in a first population comprising wildtype individuals comprising non-translocation-bearing chromosomes that do not carry the gene drive system to obtain a second population comprising a high frequency of translocation-bearing individuals that carry the gene drive system, and wherein the gene drive system can be eliminated from the second population by introducing a high frequency of the wildtype individuals.

12. The system of claim 1 , wherein creation of a translocation can occur through the repair of the DSB by a non-homologous end joining of broken DNA ends instead of by homologous recombination.