Combined HDR/LDR video streaming
The invention provides methods for broadcasting video in a dual HDR/LDR format such that the video can be displayed in real time by both LDR and HDR display devices. Methods and devices of the invention process streams of pixels from multiple sensors in a frame-independent manner to produce an HDR video signal in real time. That HDR video signal is then tone-mapped to produce an LDR video signal, the LDR signal is subtracted from the HDR signal to calculate a residual signal, and the LDR signal and the residual signal are merged into a combined signal that is broadcast via a communications network.
1. A method for streaming video for high dynamic range (HDR) and low dynamic range (LDR) display, the method comprising:
receiving incoming light through a lens of an HDR video camera and splitting the received light via at least one beamsplitter onto multiple image sensors, wherein at least 95% of the received light is captured simultaneously by the multiple image sensors;
receiving frame-independent pixel values from the multiple image sensors at a processor on the HDR video camera;
producing an HDR signal from the pixel values by streaming the pixel values through a pipeline on the processor that includes:
a kernel operation that operates on the pixel values in a frame-independent manner and identifies saturated pixel values by momentarily placing a value from a first pixel proximal to values originating from a neighborhood of pixels to make neighborhood comparisons to determine whether to use a replacement value for the first pixel, and
a merge operation that merges the pixel values by using values from the neighborhood of pixels to estimate the replacement value for the first pixel to produce the HDR signal;
tone-mapping the HDR signal to produce an LDR signal;
subtracting the LDR signal from the HDR signal to yield a residual signal;
producing an output signal comprising the LDR signal and the residual signal; and
transmitting the output signal for HDR and LDR display.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising compressing the LDR signal using an MPEG encoder.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the output signal is displayable as an 8-bit video by an LDR display, and displayable as HDR video by an HDR display.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multiple image sensors include at least a high exposure (HE) sensor and a middle exposure (ME) sensor, and wherein merging the sequences includes using HE pixel values that are not saturated and ME pixel values corresponding to the saturated pixel values.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising beginning to merge portions of the pixel values while still streaming later-arriving pixel values through the kernel operation.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the processor is selected from the group consisting of a field-programmable gate array and an application-specific integrated circuit, and further wherein each of the image sensors comprises a color filter array, and the method further comprises demosaicing the HDR signal after the merging.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein multiple image sensors capture images that are optically identical except for light level.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising beginning to merge portions of the pixel values while still streaming later-arriving pixel values through the kernel operation.