Production of biochar absorbent from anaerobic digestate
A novel carbon absorption material is described which is formed from anaerobic digestate. The material has a hollow tubular structure and is particularly advantageous in converting hydrogen sulfide in biogas and in absorbing the converted sulfur and sulfur compounds from biogas into its structure. The material after use as a hydrogen sulfide absorbent has value as a horticultural or agricultural product or as a sulfur impregnated activated carbon. The process for producing this novel carbon absorption material is described. In an embodiment, the process described uses in particular, a humidified inert gas over a temperature range of between about 500° C. to 900° C. to convert anaerobic digestate to an active carbon absorbent. The thermal treatment is relatively mild and retains the fibrous structure of the source material while removing cellulosic and hemicellulosic components from the anaerobic digestate.
1. A method of producing a carbon absorbent material, the method comprising:
providing a quantity of carbon source;
heating the quantity of carbon source to at least 400° C.;
humidifying a flow of activation gas to a relative humidity of between 2% and 95%;
after said heating, activating the carbon source thereby producing activated carbon by directing the flow of activation gas into contact with the quantity of carbon source; and
using exhaust gas to fuel heating of carbon source, the exhaust gas being the flow of activation gas after contacting the quantity of carbon source and including volatile hydrocarbons captured from the quantity of carbon source.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the carbon source comprises biomass.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the carbon source comprises anaerobic digestate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
said humidifying comprises humidifying the flow of activation gas to a relative humidity of at least 10%.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
using the exhaust gas to fuel heating of carbon source comprises using the exhaust gas to fuel the heating of the quantity of carbon source.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
using the exhaust gas to fuel heating of carbon source comprises using the exhaust gas to fuel heating of another quantity of carbon source.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
removing substantially all moisture, and hydroxyl groups from hemicellulose and cellulose from the quantity of carbon source by the heating.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the carbon source comprises one or more of animal manure, agricultural waste, and food waste.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the flow of activation gas is one of a flow of nitrogen gas, and a flow of carbon dioxide gas.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
forming a porous open structure in the carbon source.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
forming the porous open structure comprises forming a carbonized hollow tubular structure in the carbon source.