High resolution STR analysis using next generation sequencing
A method for analyzing short tandem repeats (STRs) is described herein. In some embodiments, the method comprises: separately digesting two portions of a genomic sample at sites that are upstream and downstream of an STR; fragmenting those products; ligating adaptors to the fragmentation products; selectively amplifying part of the top strand but not the bottom strand of the ligation products derived from the first portion, and part of the bottom strand but not the top strand of the ligation products derived from the second portion; sequencing at least some of the amplification products to produce a plurality of top strand reads and a plurality of bottom strand reads; and counting the number of STR repeats in a sequence read. A kit for performing the method is also provided.
1. A method for analyzing short tandem repeats (STRs), comprising:
(a) separately digesting, using an RNA-guided nuclease:
(i) a first portion of a genomic sample from an individual, at a defined site that is upstream of an STR; and
(ii) a second portion of the sample, at a defined site that is downstream of the STR, to produce first and second digestion products;
(b) fragmenting the first and second digestion products of step (a) to produce first and second fragmentation products;
(c) ligating an adaptor to the fragmentation products of step (b) to produce first and second ligation products;
(d) selectively amplifying, using strand-specific primers and a primer that hybridizes to the adaptor:
(i) part of the top strand but not the bottom strand of the first ligation products; and
(ii) part of the bottom strand but not the top strand of the second ligation products;
(e) sequencing at least some of the amplification products of step (d) to produce a plurality of top strand reads and a plurality of bottom strand reads; and
(f) counting the number of STR repeats in a sequence read of step (e), thereby providing an allele-specific count of the number of STR repeats at a particular locus in the genome of the individual.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sequencing step (e) is paired-end sequencing, and wherein the method comprises, prior to said counting step (f), eliminating sequence reads that do not contain the sequence of a primer used in step (d).
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising validating the number of STR repeats counted in (f) as being accurate only if the number matches the number of STR repeats counted in a read from the other strand.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sequencing step (e) is paired-end sequencing, and wherein the method comprises analyzing the paired-end read to determine the allele of a sequence variation that is linked to the STR.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (d) is done on a solid support.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (d) is done in solution.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises pooling the products of step (a), (b), (c) or (d).
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising analyzing the numbers of STR repeats in further sequence reads of step (e).
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the numbers of STR repeats in the further sequence reads are validated as being accurate only if the further sequence reads match sequence reads from the other strand.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising determining whether the individual is homozygous for a particular allele of the STR.
11. The method of claim 8 , further comprising determining whether the individual is heterozygous for different alleles of the STR.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises analyzing a plurality of STRs, thereby producing an STR fingerprint.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising comparing the STR fingerprint to an STR fingerprint from a second individual to determine if the individuals are related.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising comparing the STR fingerprint to an STR fingerprint obtained from a sample obtained from a crime scene.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the genomic sample is from a cancer biopsy.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising comparing the STR fingerprint for the cancer biopsy to an STR fingerprint for a second cancer biopsy, to provide a clonal analysis of cancer progression.