Internal/external clock selection circuit and method of operation
A clock circuit includes an amplifier, an electrical supply, a feedback circuit, and a comparator. The amplifier has an input node and an output node that are coupled to a crystal to provide an internal clock signal on the output node at a specified frequency. The electrical supply source provides electrical power to the amplifier at a specified input voltage. The feedback circuit is coupled between the input node and the output node, and forms a low pass filter for attenuating the internally generated clock signal on the input node. The feedback circuit biases the input node at a direct current (DC) voltage level that is biased to be less than the specified input voltage. When an external clock signal is applied at the output node, the comparator generates a digital clock signal according to the external clock signal, and when no external clock signal is applied at the output, the comparator generates the digital clock signal according to the internal clock signal.
1. A clock circuit comprising:
an amplifier having an input node and an output node that are coupled to a crystal to provide an internal clock signal on the output node at a specified frequency;
an electrical supply source providing electrical power to the amplifier at a specified input voltage;
a feedback circuit coupled between the input node and the output node, the feedback circuit forming a low pass filter for attenuating the internally generated clock signal on the input node; and
a comparator having a first comparator input coupled to the output node and a second comparator input coupled to the output node,
wherein the feedback circuit biases the input node at a direct current (DC) voltage level that is biased to be less than the specified input voltage such that:
when an external clock signal is applied at the output node of the amplifier, the comparator generates a digital clock signal according to the external clock signal, and
when no external clock signal is applied at the output, the comparator generates the digital clock signal according to the internal clock signal.
2. The clock circuit of claim 1 , wherein the amplifier, the feedback circuit, and the comparator are formed on a monolithic substrate.
3. The clock circuit of claim 2 , wherein the feedback circuit comprises a resistor-capacitor circuit having a low pass filter with a cutoff frequency below the specified frequency of the internal clock signal.
4. The clock circuit of claim 3 , wherein the resistor-capacitor circuit comprises a resistor made of polysilicon, the polysilicon resistor having a parasitic capacitance that forms at least a portion of the capacitor portion of the resistor-capacitor circuit.
5. The clock circuit of claim 1 , wherein the amplifier comprises a field-effect-transistor.
6. The clock circuit of claim 1 , wherein the electrical supply source comprises a current mirror.
7. The clock circuit of claim 1 , further comprising an enable circuit to alternatively enable or disable the internal clock signal for inhibiting transition to the internal clock signal until the internal clock has stabilized.
8. The clock circuit of claim 7 , further comprising a communication circuit that is used to control the enable circuit.
9. The clock circuit of claim 1 , further comprising a divide-by-2 circuit to generate a second digital clock signal with a frequency that is half of the frequency of the digital clock signal and at substantially 50 percent duty cycle.
10. A clocking method comprising:
providing electrical power to an amplifier at a specified input voltage, wherein the amplifier has an input node and an output node that are coupled to a crystal to provide an internal clock signal on the output node at a specified frequency;
attenuating an internally generated clock signal on the input node using a feedback circuit;
when an external clock signal is applied at the output node, generating a digital clock signal according to the external clock signal using a comparator that detects the external clock signal by comparing the external clock signal against the attenuated internally generated clock signal on the input node, wherein the feedback circuit biases the input node at a direct current (DC) voltage level that is biased to be less than the specified input voltage; and
when no external clock signal is applied at the output node of the amplifier, generating the digital clock signal according to the internal clock signal using the comparator.
11. The clocking method of claim 10 , further comprising forming the amplifier, the feedback circuit, and the comparator on a monolithic substrate.
12. The clocking method of claim 11 , wherein the feedback circuit comprises a resistor-capacitor circuit having a low pass filter with a cutoff frequency below the specified frequency of the internal clock signal.
13. The clocking method of claim 12 , wherein the resistor-capacitor circuit comprises a resistor made of polysilicon, the polysilicon resistor having a parasitic capacitance that forms at least a portion of the capacitor portion of the resistor-capacitor circuit.
14. The clocking method of claim 10 , wherein the amplifier comprises a field-effect-transistor.
15. The clocking method of claim 10 , wherein the electrical supply source comprises a current mirror.
16. The clocking method of claim 10 , further comprising applying an enable circuit to alternatively enable or disable the internal clock signal.
17. The clocking method of claim 16 , further comprising controlling the enable circuit using a communication circuit.
18. The clocking method of claim 10 , further comprising generating a second digital clock signal with a frequency that is half of the frequency of the digital clock signal using a divide-by-2 circuit, the second digital clock signal having a frequency that is half of the frequency of the digital clock signal and at substantially 50 percent duty cycle.
19. A clock circuit comprising:
a field-effect transistor having an input node and an output node that are coupled to a crystal to provide an internal clock signal on the output node at a specified frequency;
a current mirror providing electrical power to the field-effect transistor at a specified input voltage; and
a polysilicon resistor forming a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit coupled between the input node and the output node, the RC circuit forming a low pass filter for attenuating the internally generated clock signal on the input node; and
a comparator having a first comparator input coupled to the output node and a second comparator input coupled to the output node, wherein the feedback circuit biases the input node at a direct current (DC) voltage level that is biased to be less than the specified input voltage such that:
when an external clock signal is applied at the output node of the amplifier, the comparator generates a digital clock signal according to the external clock signal, and
when no external clock signal is applied at the output, the comparator generates the digital clock signal according to the internal clock signal,
wherein the field-effect transistor, the current mirror, and the comparator are integrally formed on a monolithic substrate.
20. The clock circuit of claim 19 , further comprising an enable circuit to alternatively enable or disable the internal clock signal for inhibiting transition to the internal clock signal until the internal clock has stabilized.