Synthetic composition for treating metabolic disorders

1. A method comprising:

administering to a non-infant patient having an obesity-related metabolic disorder and being diagnosable with one or more of obesity, obesity-induced pre-diabetes, and obesity-induced type 2 diabetes, a product consisting of an effective amount of one or more neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) comprising at least one fucosylated HMO selected from 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), and difucosyllactose (DFL), and at least one non-fucosylated HMO selected from lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), wherein the one or more neutral HMOs are administered in an amount effective to:

increase a relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the non-infant patient; and

improve in the non-infant patient at least one condition selected from increased insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin resistance, improved gut barrier function, and reduction of metabolic inflammation.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the non-infant patient is an obese pediatric patient.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more neutral HMOs are synthetic HMOs.

4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the effective amount of the neutral HMOs is administered in a unit dosage form.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mass ratio of 2′-FL present to LNnT present in a selected combination of the one or more neutral HMOs is 5:1 to 1:1.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount administered is from about 3 g to about 10 g per day of the one or more neutral HMOs.

7. A method comprising:

administering to a non-infant patient having an obesity-related metabolic disorder an effective amount of one to five neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) comprising at least one fucosylated HMO selected from 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), and difucosyllactose (DFL), and at least one non-fucosylated HMO selected from lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) wherein the one to five neutral HMOs are administered in an amount effective to:

increase a relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the gastrointestinal microbiota of the non-infant patient; and

improve in the non-infant patient at least one condition selected from reduced metabolic endotoxemia, an improved level of a glucagon-like peptide, and reduction in an inflammatory marker associated with the metabolic disorder.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein a mass ratio of 2′-FL present to LNnT present in the effective amount is from 5:1 to 1:1.

9. A method comprising:

administering to a non-infant patient having an obesity-related metabolic disorder a synthetic composition consisting of an effective amount of one or more neutral HMOs selected from 2′-FL, 3′-FL, DFL, LNT, and LNnT, and optionally one or more excipients, wherein the one or more neutral HMOs are administered in an amount effective to:

increase a relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the gastrointestinal microbiota of the non-infant patient; and

improve in the non-infant patient at least one condition selected from increased insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin resistance, and improved gut barrier function.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more neutral HMOs consist of 2′-FL, and optionally one of LNT and LNnT.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the mass ratio of 2′-FL present to LNnT present in a selected combination of the one or more neutral HMOs is 5:1 to 1:1.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the effective amount of one or more neutral HMOs are effective to increase levels of at least one glucagon-like peptide (“GLP”) selected from GLP-1 and GLP-2 when administered to the non-infant patient.