Breakable capsules and methods of forming thereof
A breakable capsule such as a seamless breakable capsule useful in a smoking article or a smokeless tobacco product includes an outer shell formed of a cross-linked agar matrix including at least one filler, and an inner core surrounded by the outer shell which comprises a liquid or gel based composition of a flavorant and/or non-flavorant. The cross-linked agar matrix is reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose that is dispersed throughout the agar matrix so as to fill empty spaces in the agar matrix and inhibit the composition from passing through the empty spaces of the agar matrix.
1. A breakable capsule useful in a smoking article or a smokeless tobacco product, the breakable capsule comprising:
an outer shell formed of a cross-linked agar matrix including at least one filler; and
an inner core surrounded by the outer shell which comprises a liquid or gel based composition of a flavorant and/or non-flavorant;
wherein the cross-linked agar matrix is reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose dispersed throughout the agar matrix so as to fill empty spaces in the agar matrix and inhibit the composition from passing through the empty spaces of the agar matrix; and
wherein (a) the outer shell of the breakable capsule has a diameter of about 2 mm, and the at least one filler includes locust bean gum wherein the ratio of agar to locust bean gum to carboxymethyl cellulose in an aqueous shell forming solution used to form the outer shell is about 1 to about 0.05 to about 0.05; (b) the outer shell of the breakable capsule has a diameter of about 2.5 mm, and the at least one filler includes locust bean gum wherein the ratio of agar to locust bean gum to carboxymethyl cellulose in an aqueous shell forming solution used to form the outer shell is about 1.4 to about 0.05 to about 0.05; or (c) the outer shell of the breakable capsule has a diameter of about 2.5 to 4.5 mm, and the at least one filler includes locust bean gum wherein the ratio of agar to locust bean gum to carboxymethyl cellulose in an aqueous shell forming solution used to form the outer shell is about 1.4-2 to about 0.05-0.5 to about 0.05-0.5.
2. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the at least one filler further comprises konjac, and/or xanthan gum.
3. The breakable capsule of claim 2 , wherein the at least one filler further includes pullulan, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), soluble cellulose gum, methyl cellulose, dextrin, maltodextrin, and combinations thereof.
4. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the outer shell further includes:
(a) one or more of glycerin, sorbitol, sodium chloride, guar gum, gum arabic, and inulin; and/or
(b) one or more of alginate and pectin.
5. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein:
(a) the breakable capsule is a seamless capsule having a crush strength of about 3 to about 10 Newtons;
(b) the outer shell of the breakable capsule has a diameter of about 2 to about 4.5 mm;
(c) the outer shell of the breakable capsule includes an outer coating of ethyl cellulose;
(d) the carboxymethyl cellulose dispersed throughout the cross-linked agar matrix fills at least 90% of the empty spaces in the agar matrix;
(e) the carboxymethyl cellulose dispersed throughout the cross-linked agar matrix fills at least 99% of the empty spaces in the agar matrix;
(f) the carboxymethyl cellulose dispersed throughout the cross-linked agar matrix completely fills the empty spaces in the agar matrix;
(g) the carboxymethyl cellulose is cross-linked with the agar matrix;
(h) the outer shell includes less than about 10% water by weight; and/or
(i) the outer shell includes less than about 3 to about 6% water by weight.
6. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein:
(a) the flavorant of the composition is selected from the group consisting of licorice, wintergreen, cherry and berry type flavorants, dramboui, bourbon, scotch, whiskey, spearmint, peppermint, lavender, cinnamon, cardamon, apium graveolents, clove, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, honey essence, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, orange oil, Japanese mint, cassia, caraway, cognac, jasmine, chamomile, menthol, ilangilang, sage, fennel, piment, ginger, anise, coriander, coffee, salts, sweeteners, carbohydrates, mint oils from a species of the genus mentha, eugenol, cocoa, citrus, fruit flavors, and combinations thereof; and/or
(b) the non-flavorant of the composition is selected from the group consisting of sensates, diluents, aerosol formers, and combinations thereof.
7. A breakable capsule useful in a smoking article or a smokeless tobacco product, the breakable capsule comprising:
an outer shell formed of a cross-linked agar matrix including at least one filler; and
an inner core surrounded by the outer shell which comprises a liquid or gel based composition of a flavorant and/or non-flavorant;
wherein the cross-linked agar matrix is reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose dispersed throughout the agar matrix so as to fill empty spaces in the agar matrix and inhibit the composition from passing through the empty spaces of the agar matrix, wherein the at least one filler includes locust bean gum and at least one additional filler wherein the ratio of agar to locust bean gum to carboxymethyl cellulose to the at least one additional filler in an aqueous shell forming solution used to form the outer shell is about 1-2 to about 0.05-0.5 to about 0.05-0.5 to about 3.2-7.
8. The breakable capsule of claim 7 , wherein
(a) the at least one additional filler comprises (a) pullulan, (b) glycerin and/or sorbitol, and (c) sodium chloride wherein the ratio (a) to (b) to (c) in an aqueous shell forming solution used to form the outer shell is about 3-5 to about 0.1-1 to about 0.1-1;
(b) the at least one additional filler comprises (a) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and/or maltodextrin, (b) glycerin and/or sorbitol, and (c) sodium chloride wherein the ratio of (a) to (b) to (c) in an aqueous shell forming solution used to form the outer shell is about 3-5 to about 0.1-1 to about 0.1-1; or
(c) the at least one additional filler comprises (a) pullulan, (b) glycerin, and (c) sodium chloride wherein the ratio of (a) to (b) to (c) in an aqueous shell forming solution used to form the outer shell is about 4-4.5 to about 1 to about 1.
9. A smoking article comprising a filter element, a tobacco rod, and at least one breakable capsule according to claim 1 therein.
10. The smoking article of claim 9 , wherein the at least one breakable capsule is included in the filter element of the smoking article.
11. A smokeless tobacco product comprising the at least one breakable capsule according to claim 1 .
12. A seamless breakable capsule useful in a smoking article or a smokeless tobacco product, the seamless breakable capsule consisting essentially of:
an outer shell formed of a cross-linked agar matrix including at least one filler; and
an inner core surrounded by the outer shell which comprises a liquid or gel based composition of a flavorant and/or non-flavorant;
wherein the cross-linked agar matrix is reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose dispersed throughout the agar matrix so as to fill empty spaces in the agar matrix and inhibit the composition from passing through the empty spaces of the agar matrix; and
wherein the outer shell includes about 10 to about 40% agar, about 0.5 to about 15% carboxymethyl cellulose, about 0.5 to about 15% locust bean gum, about 35 to about 85% pullulan, about 1 to about 20% glycerin, about 1 to about 20% sodium chloride and less than about 10% water.
13. The seamless breakable capsule of claim 12 , wherein a ratio of agar to carboxymethyl cellulose in the outer shell is about 4-40 to about 1.
14. The seamless breakable capsule of claim 12 , wherein:
(a) the seamless breakable capsule has a crush strength of about 3 to about 10 Newtons;
(b) the outer shell of the seamless breakable capsule has a diameter of about 2 to about 4.5 mm;
(c) the outer shell of the seamless breakable capsule includes an outer coating of ethyl cellulose;
(d) the carboxymethyl cellulose dispersed throughout the cross-linked agar matrix fills at least 90% of the empty spaces in the agar matrix;
(e) the carboxymethyl cellulose dispersed throughout the cross-linked agar matrix fills at least 99% of the empty spaces in the agar matrix;
(f) the carboxymethyl cellulose dispersed throughout the cross-linked agar matrix completely fills the empty spaces in the agar matrix;
(g) the carboxymethyl cellulose is cross-linked with the agar matrix;
(h) the outer shell includes less than about 6% water by weight; and/or
(i) the outer shell includes about 3 to about 6% water by weight.