Hydrocarbon-based fracturing fluid composition, system, and method
Systems, compositions, and methods usable to stimulate a formation include a first supply subsystem adapted to provide a first medium to the formation and a pressure subsystem that includes a pump in communication with the first medium to pressurize the first medium to a pressure sufficient to stimulate the formation. Usable media can include non-gelled liquid alkanes, halogenated hydrocarbons, foamed hydrocarbons, a fluidized solid proppant material that behaves as a liquid under threshold conditions, or a liquid material adapted to solidify under threshold conditions. A proppant can be supplied in addition to the first medium when performing fracturing operations. Usable proppant can include materials having a size or density adapted to facilitate buoyancy, hollow materials, composite materials, porous materials, or crystalline materials.
1. A fracturing system for hydraulic stimulation of a subterranean formation, the system comprising:
a well having a wellhead and a downhole portion in fluid communication with the wellhead;
a first medium addition subsystem comprising: a first medium storage vessel retaining a first medium pressurized to a first pressure, said first medium comprising high vapor pressure hydrocarbon compounds; a first motor; and a pressurized first pump; wherein the first motor is configured to drive the first pump to pressurize the first medium to a second pressure, the second pressure higher than the first pressure, to flow said first medium into the subterranean formation through the wellhead;
a second medium addition subsystem comprising: a carrier medium storage vessel retaining a carrier medium comprising low vapor pressure hydrocarbon compounds that are liquid at atmospheric conditions, and that have a higher viscosity than the high vapor pressure hydrocarbons, a second motor, a second pump, a proppant storage vessel, and a proppant addition system configured to enable variance in the amount of a proppant added to the carrier medium per unit of volume of the carrier medium; wherein the carrier medium and the proppant from the proppant storage vessel are configured to mix together to form a second medium, and wherein the second motor is configured to drive the second pump to pressurize the second medium to the second pressure to flow said second medium into the subterranean formation through the wellhead,
wherein the proppant comprises at least one of the group consisting of: glass spheres, glass bubbles, cenospheres, microspheres, aerogel, resin-coated aerogel, resin-coated pumice, and syntactic foam;
wherein the proppant has a specific gravity of less than or equal to 1.1 relative to the carrier medium;
wherein the first and second motors are each electric motors;
wherein the first and second medium addition subsystems each further comprise a variable frequency drive configured to provide electrical power to the respective electric motors; and
a medium mixing system located between the first and second medium addition subsystems and the pipeline, the medium mixing mechanism configured to enable variance in a flow rate of at least one of the first medium and the second medium to the well.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the high vapor pressure hydrocarbon compounds comprise at least one of the group consisting of:
alkanes with a carbon number of 6 or less;
wherein the low vapor pressure hydrocarbon compounds comprise at least one of the group consisting of: mineral oil and alkanes with a carbon number between 9 and 20.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first medium further comprises a fluorosurfactant.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first medium comprises a hydrocarbon and a quantity of an inert gas sufficient to foam the hydrocarbon.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first medium comprises a halogenated hydrocarbon.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first medium comprises a non-gelled liquid alkane.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the proppant comprises particles having a diameter of less than or equal to 105 microns.