Alkenyl substituted 2,5-piperazinediones, compositions, and uses thereof

1. A compound of Formula (I):

and salts thereof, wherein each instance of R L is independently optionally substituted C 6 -C 40 alkenyl; and each instance of R L comprises only cis double bonds.

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one instance of R L is a group of formula:

wherein:

x is an integer between 4 and 20, inclusive;

y is an integer between 1 and 20, inclusive; and

each instance of R′ is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, halogen, substituted hydroxyl, substituted thiol, and substituted amino;

provided the group comprises no more than 40 linear carbon atoms.

3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein x is 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.

4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one instance of R L is a group of formula:

wherein:

x is an integer between 4and 20, inclusive;

y is an integer between 1and 20, inclusive;

z1 is 1, 2, or 3; and

each instance of R′ is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, halogen, substituted hydroxyl, substituted thiol, and substituted amino;

provided the group comprises no more than 40 linear carbon atoms.

5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one instance of R L is a group of formula:

wherein:

x is an integer between 4 and 20, inclusive;

y is an integer between 1 and 20, inclusive;

each instance of z1 and z2 is independently 1, 2, or 3; and

each instance of R′ is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, halogen, substituted hydroxyl, substituted thiol, and substituted amino;

provided the group comprises no more than 40 linear carbon atoms.

6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one instance of R L is:

7. A composition comprising:

a compound of claim 1 , or a salt thereof;

an agent; and

optionally, an excipient.

8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the composition further comprises cholesterol, a PEGylated lipid, a phospholipid, or an apolipoprotein.

9. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the agent is an organic molecule, inorganic molecule, nucleic acid, protein, peptide, polynucleotide, targeting agent, an isotopically labeled chemical compound, vaccine, an immunological agent, or an agent useful in bioprocessing.

10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the agent is a polynucleotide, and the polynucleotide is an RNA.

11. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the agent is messenger RNA, single-stranded RNA, double-stranded RNA, small interfering RNA, precursor messenger RNA, small hairpin RNA, microRNA, guide RNA, transfer RNA, antisense RNA, heterogeneous nuclear RNA, coding RNA, non-coding RNA, long non-coding RNA, satellite RNA, viral satellite RNA, signal recognition particle RNA, small cytoplasmic RNA, small nuclear RNA, ribosomal RNA, Piwi-interacting RNA, polyinosinic acid, ribozyme, flexizyme, small nucleolar RNA, spliced leader RNA, viral RNA, or viral satellite RNA.

12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the agent is messenger RNA.

13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the agent is a polynucleotide and the polynucleotide is DNA.

14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the DNA is plasmid DNA.

15. A method of delivering an agent to a subject or cell, the method comprising administering to the subject or contacting the cell with a composition of claim 7 .

16. A method of treating or preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject with a composition of claim 7 .

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the disease is a genetic disease, proliferative disease, hematological disease, neurological disease, liver disease, spleen disease, lung disease, painful condition, psychiatric disorder, musculoskeletal disease, a metabolic disorder, inflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease.

18. The composition or method of claim 17 , wherein the hematological disease is anemia, and the agent is erythropoietin.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the disease is hepatic carcinoma, hypercholesterolemia, refractory anemia, familial amyloid neuropathy, or hemophelia.

20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the disease is a hematological disease.

21. A kit comprising:

a composition of claim 7 ; and

instructions for using the kit.

22. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the composition is in the form of a particle.

23. The composition of claim 22 , wherein the particle is a nanoparticle or microparticle.

24. The compound of claim 1 of the formula:

25. A method of preparing a compound of Formula (I), the method comprising reacting the compound:

or salt thereof, with an epoxide of formula:

to provide a compound of Formula (I):

or salt thereof, wherein each instance of R L is independently optionally substituted C 6 -C 40 alkenyl; and each instance of R L comprises only cis double bonds.

26. A method of preparing an epoxide of formula:

wherein each instance of R L is independently optionally substituted C 6 -C 40 alkenyl; and each instance of R L comprises only cis double bonds;

the method comprising:

(i) reducing a carboxylic acid of formula:

 to an aldehyde of formula:

(ii) treating the aldehyde under alpha chlorinating conditions to provide a chlorinated aldehyde of formula:

(iii) reducing the chlorinated aldehyde to provide an alcohol of formula:

 and

(iv) treating the alcohol under suitable conditions to provide the epoxide.