Film for a flame-retardant fiber optic cable
A flame-retardant fiber optic cable includes core elements, a film surrounding the core elements, and a jacket surrounding the film. The core elements include one or more optical fibers and at least one tube surrounding the one or more optical fibers. The material composition of the film differs from the jacket and the film is relatively thin.
1. A fiber optic cable, comprising:
(A) core elements comprising:
(i) an optical fiber; and
(ii) a tube surrounding the optical fiber;
(B) a binder film surrounding the core elements, wherein the binder film comprises:
(i) a base material, wherein the base material is primarily formed from a polymer, and
(ii) a filler material, wherein the filler material is a flame-retardant material, and wherein the filler material is dispersed in the base material, and
wherein the binder film is a binder for the core elements, opposing outwardly transverse deflection of one or more of the core elements; and
(C) a jacket surrounding the binder film, wherein the binder film is thin, having an average thickness over a 10-meter length of the cable that is less than half an average thickness of the jacket over the 10-meter length.
2. The fiber optic cable of claim 1 , wherein the core elements further comprise (iii) one or more additional core elements comprising at least one additional tube surrounding another optical fiber, the fiber optic cable further comprising a central strength member, wherein the core elements are stranded around the central strength member in a pattern of stranding including reversals in lay direction of the core elements, wherein the binder film loads the core elements normally to the central strength member such that contact between the core elements and central strength member provides coupling therebetween, limiting axial migration of the core elements relative to the central strength member.
3. The fiber optic cable of claim 2 , wherein the polymer of the base material is non-halogenated.
4. The fiber optic cable of claim 2 , wherein the filler material is at least one of alumina trihydrate and magnesium dihydrate.
5. A fiber optic cable, comprising:
(A) core elements comprising:
(i) an optical fiber; and
(ii) a tube surrounding the optical fiber;
(B) a multi-layered flame-retardant film structure surrounding the core elements, wherein the film structure comprises:
(i) a first film comprising an extrudable polymer that includes a base material and a flame-retardant filler material, wherein the first film has an average thickness over a 10-meter length of the cable that is less than 500 micrometers, and
(ii) a second film comprising an extrudable polymer that includes a base material and a flame-retardant filler material, wherein the second film has an average thickness over the 10-meter length of the cable that is less than 500 micrometers.
6. The fiber optic cable of claim 5 , wherein the composition of the second film differs from the composition of the first film.
7. The fiber optic cable of claim 6 , wherein the flame-retardant filler material of the first film is the same material as the flame-retardant filler material of the second film.
8. The fiber optic cable of claim 7 , the composition of the second film differs from the composition of the first film at least with respect to concentration of the flame-retardant filler material, wherein the difference in concentration of the flame-retardant filler material in the first and second films on average in the 10-meter length of the cable is at least 20% by weight of the respective film.
9. The fiber optic cable of claim 5 , wherein the flame-retardant filler material of the first film is the same material as the flame-retardant filler material of the second film,
the multi-layered flame-retardant film structure further comprising a layer positioned between the first and second films,
wherein the layer between the first and second films has a higher concentration of the flame-retardant filler material than the concentration of the flame-retardant filler material in at least one of the first and second films, and
wherein the first and second films adjoin the layer therebetween.
10. The fiber optic cable of claim 9 , wherein the flame-retardant filler material is at least one of alumina trihydrate and magnesium dihydrate.
11. The fiber optic cable of claim 9 , wherein, on average in the 10-meter length of the cable, the percentage by weight of the composition of the layer between the first and second films that is the flame-retardant filler material is at least 20% greater than the percentage by weight that is the flame-retardant filler material of at least one of the first and second films.
12. The fiber optic cable of claim 9 , wherein, on average in the 10-meter length of the cable, at least 50% by weight of the layer consists of the flame-retardant filler material.
13. The fiber optic cable of claim 5 , further comprising a jacket surrounding the film structure, wherein the film structure is relatively thin, having an average thickness over the 10-meter length of the cable that is less than half an average thickness of the jacket over the 10-meter length.
14. The fiber optic cable of claim 13 , wherein the multi-layered flame-retardant film structure directly contacts the tube, and wherein the multi-layered flame-retardant film structure directly contacts the jacket.
15. The fiber optic cable of claim 14 , wherein the extrudable polymer of the first film is a polyethylene.
16. The fiber optic cable of claim 5 , wherein overall the multi-layered flame-retardant film structure has an average thickness over the 10-meter length that is less than 500 micrometers.
17. A fiber optic cable, comprising:
(A) a core of the cable comprising core elements, the core elements supporting an optical fiber and forming interstices with respect to one another;
(B) a film surrounding the core elements, wherein the film comprises:
(i) a base layer comprising a polymer, and
(ii) powder particles partially embedded in the base layer such that the powder particles have a portion thereof submerged in the base layer passing partly through a surface plane of the base layer and another portion thereof exposed partially projecting away from the surface plane of the base layer, and
wherein at least some of the powder particles are positioned on an inside surface of the base layer between the base layer and the core elements, and wherein at least some of the powder particles extend into the interstices; and
(C) a jacket surrounding the film, wherein the jacket comprises flame-retardant filler material.
18. The fiber optic cable of claim 17 , wherein the powder particles partially embedded in the film comprise particles of intumescent material.
19. The fiber optic cable of claim 18 , wherein, prior to expansion from heat exposure, the particles of intumescent material have an average maximum cross-sectional dimension of 500 micrometers or less.
20. The fiber optic cable of claim 17 , wherein the film is thin, having an average thickness over a 10-meter length of the cable that is less than half an average thickness of the jacket over the 10-meter length.