Device with transparent and higher conductive regions in lateral cross section of semiconductor layer
A device including one or more layers with lateral regions configured to facilitate the transmission of radiation through the layer and lateral regions configured to facilitate current flow through the layer is provided. The layer can comprise a short period superlattice, which includes barriers alternating with wells. In this case, the barriers can include both transparent regions, which are configured to reduce an amount of radiation that is absorbed in the layer, and higher conductive regions, which are configured to keep the voltage drop across the layer within a desired range.
1. A device, comprising:
a short period superlattice (SPSL) semiconductor layer comprising a plurality of barriers alternating with a plurality of quantum wells, wherein a concentration of at least one barrier and a concentration of at least one quantum well varies along lateral dimensions of the SPSL semiconductor layer to form a two-dimensional carrier gas, wherein a lateral cross section of the at least one barrier includes:
a set of transparent regions, each transparent region having a transmission coefficient for a target radiation wavelength, l, greater than or equal to approximately sixty percent, wherein the set of transparent regions are at least ten percent of an area of the lateral cross section of the at least one barrier; and
a set of higher conductive regions occupying a sufficient area of the area of the lateral cross section of the at least one barrier and having an average resistance per unit area to a vertical current flow resulting in a total voltage drop across the SPSL of less than approximately five volts.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the at least one barrier is greater than 5·10 17 [1/cm 3 ].
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the at least one quantum well is less than less than 5·10 17 [1/cm 3 ].
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein each barrier is formed of an Al x Ga 1-x N alloy, where x is a molar fraction of aluminum and where x is greater than approximately −0.0048/+1.83 for each transparent region.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the set of higher conductive regions occupy at least two percent of the area of the lateral cross section of the at least one barrier.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the transmission coefficient is greater than or equal to approximately eighty percent.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of barriers and each of the plurality of quantum wells has a thickness less than or equal to approximately five nanometers.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the set of transparent regions are interspersed with the set of higher conductive regions to form an interconnected network of conductive paths.
9. A device, comprising:
a short period superlattice (SPSL) semiconductor layer comprising a plurality of barriers, wherein a lateral cross section of each barrier includes:
a set of transparent regions, each transparent region having a transmission coefficient for a target radiation wavelength, l, greater than or equal to approximately sixty percent, wherein the set of transparent regions are at least ten percent of an area of the lateral cross section of the barrier; and
a set of higher conductive regions occupying a sufficient area of the area of the lateral cross section of the barrier and having an average resistance per unit area to a vertical current flow resulting in a total voltage drop across the SPSL of less than approximately five volts;
wherein the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions are formed by a non-uniform compositional distribution along the barrier thickness and/or barrier thickness of each barrier.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions have a non-uniform doping in addition to the non-uniform compositional distribution.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the non-uniform doping of the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions includes a modulation doping with a variation of acceptor concentration that exceeds approximately 1×10 18 1/cm 3 .
12. The device of claim 9 , wherein the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions are formed using a three-dimensional growth mode.
13. The device of claim 9 , wherein the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions are formed directly on an inhomogeneous layer.
14. The device of claim 9 , wherein the set of set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions are formed using nano-scale inhomogeneities.
15. A device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer comprising a set of group III nitride layers, wherein each one of the group III nitride layers is an inhomogeneous layer comprising at least one of:
a set of transparent regions having a first characteristic band gap, wherein the set of transparent regions are at least ten percent of an area of the lateral cross section of the inhomogeneous layer; and
a set of higher conductive regions having a second characteristic band gap at least five percent smaller than the first characteristic band gap, wherein the set of higher conductive regions occupy at least two percent of the area of the lateral cross section of the inhomogeneous layer,
wherein the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions are structured laterally along the inhomogeneous layer in a periodic distribution, wherein the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions are spatially phase-shifted in relation to a periodic distribution of a set corresponding transparent regions and a set of corresponding higher conductive regions in immediately adjacent layers.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the spatial phase-shift of the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions within the set of group III nitride layers is uniform.
17. The device of claim 15 , wherein the spatial phase-shift of the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions within the set of group III nitride layers varies between adjacent layers.
18. The device of claim 15 , wherein at least one of the group III nitride layers comprises both the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions, wherein the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions are structured laterally along the inhomogeneous layer in a periodic distribution, with the set of transparent regions alternating with the set of higher conductive regions.
19. The device of claim 15 , further comprising at least one homogeneous layer formed between adjacent inhomogeneous layers having one of the set of transparent regions and the set of higher conductive regions.
20. The device of claim 19 , wherein the at least one homogeneous layer comprises a surface with roughness elements.