Semiconductor quantum dot device and method for forming a scalable linear array of quantum dots
An exemplary quantum dot device can be provided, which can include, for example, at least three conductive layers and at least two insulating layers electrically insulating the at least three conductive layers from one another. For example, one of the conductive layers can be composed of a different material than the other two of the conductive layers. The conductive layers can be composed of (i) aluminum, (ii) gold, (iii) copper or (iv) polysilicon, and/or the at least three conductive layers can be composed at least partially of (i) aluminum, (ii) gold, (iii) copper or (iv) polysilicon. The insulating layers can be composed of (i) silicon oxide, (ii) silicon nitride and/or (iii) aluminum oxide.
1. A quantum dot device, comprising:
at least three conductive layers comprising:
a first conductive layer configured to operate as a screening layer,
a second conductive layer configured to cause accumulation of electrons in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), and
a third conductive layer configured to tune at least one barrier between regions of the 2DEG; and
at least two insulating layers, wherein a first one of the insulating layers electrically insulates the first conductive layer from the second conductive layer, and a second one of the insulating layers electrically insulates the second conductive layer from the third conductive layer.
2. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein one of the at least three conductive layers is composed of a different material than the other two of the at least three conductive layers.
3. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein the at least three conductive layers are composed of the same material.
4. The quantum dot device of claim 3 , wherein the material is at least one of (i) aluminum, (ii) gold, (iii) copper or (iv) polysilicon.
5. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein the at least three conductive layers are at least partially composed of at least one of (i) aluminum, (ii) gold, (iii) copper or (iv) polysilicon.
6. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein the at least two insulating layers are composed of at least one of (i) silicon oxide, (ii) silicon nitride or (iii) aluminum oxide.
7. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein the at least three conductive layers are composed of a metallic material having a purity rate of over 90%.
8. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least three conductive layers has a thickness of less than about 200 nm.
9. The quantum dot device of claim 8 , wherein each of the at least three conductive layers has a thickness of less than about 100 nm.
10. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least two insulating layers has a thickness of less than about 10 nm.
11. The quantum dot device of claim 10 , wherein each of the at least two insulating layers has a thickness of less than about 4 nm.
12. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least two insulating layers is in direct contact with two of the at least three conductive layers.
13. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least three further conductive layers; and
at least two further insulating layers electrically insulating the at least three further conductive layers from one another,
wherein the at least three further conductive layers are electrically coupled to the at least three conductive layers.
14. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein the at least three conductive layers are fabricated or provided on a semiconductor substrate.
15. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein gate electrodes defined in each of the at least three conductive layers include a different voltage level applied therethrough.
16. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein connections between the conductive layers and the insulating layers causes single electrons to be shuttled through quantum dots of the device using voltage pulses.
17. The quantum dot device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive layer comprises a first channel configured for forming a plurality of quantum dots and a second channel configured for forming a sensor quantum dot for reading values of the plurality of quantum dots.
18. The quantum dot device of claim 17 , wherein the second conductive layer comprises a first plurality of conductive gates configured to control a number of electrons in corresponding quantum dots of the plurality of quantum dots, and wherein the third conductive layer comprises a second plurality of gates configured to control tunnel coupling between corresponding adjacent quantum dots of the plurality of quantum dots.
19. A quantum dot device, comprising:
at least three conductive layers comprising:
a first conductive layer configured to operate as a screening layer,
a second conductive layer configured to cause accumulation of electrons in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), and
a third conductive layer configured to tune at least one barrier between regions of the 2DEG; and
at least two insulating layers, wherein a first one of the insulating layers electrically insulates the first conductive layer from the second conductive layer and the third conductive layer, and a second one of the insulating layers electrically insulates the second conductive layer from the third conductive layer.
20. The quantum dot device of claim 19 , wherein one of the at least three conductive layers is composed of a different material than the other two of the at least three conductive layers.
21. The quantum dot device of claim 19 , wherein the at least three conductive layers are composed of the same material.
22. The quantum dot device of claim 19 , wherein the at least three conductive layers are at least partially composed of at least one of (i) aluminum, (ii) gold, (iii) copper or (iv) polysilicon.
23. The quantum dot device of claim 19 , wherein the at least two insulating layers are composed of at least one of (i) silicon oxide, (ii) silicon nitride or (iii) aluminum oxide.
24. The quantum dot device of claim 19 , further comprising:
at least three further conductive layers; and
at least two further insulating layers electrically insulating the at least three further conductive layers from one another,
wherein the at least three further conductive layers are electrically coupled to the at least three conductive layers.
25. The quantum dot device of claim 19 , wherein connections between the conductive layers and the insulating layers causes single electrons to be shuttled through quantum dots of the device using voltage pulses.
26. The quantum dot device of claim 19 , wherein the first conductive layer comprises a first channel configured for forming a plurality of quantum dots and a second channel configured for forming a sensor quantum dot for reading values of the plurality of quantum dots.
27. The quantum dot device of claim 26 , wherein the second conductive layer comprises a first plurality of conductive gates configured to control a number of electrons in corresponding quantum dots of the plurality of quantum dots, and wherein the third conductive layer comprises a second plurality of gates configured to control tunnel coupling between corresponding adjacent quantum dots of the plurality of quantum dots.