Attenuator de-Qing loss improvement and phase balance
The de-Qing loss and phase imbalance caused by the inherent capacitance of a switched resistance, such as a MOSFET with a resistor, can be reduced by using a shunting switch across the resistor that is in series with the resistor's switch. The shunting switch shorts across the resistor when the resistor's switch is open and in reference mode, thereby significantly reducing the resistance in series with the inherent capacitance of the open resistor's switch.
1. A circuit comprising:
a resistive element;
a primary switching element in series with the resistive element; and
a shunting switching element placed across the resistive element such that it would short current around the resistive element, wherein the shunting switching element is configured such that shunt arm impedance in attenuating mode is phase balanced with shunt arm impedance in reference mode over a selected frequency range;
wherein the shunting switching element is configured to be closed when the primary switching element is open, and the shunting switching element is configured to be open when the primary switching element is closed.
2. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the resistive element, the primary switching element, and the shunting switching element are within a leg of an attenuation circuit.
3. The circuit of claim 2 , wherein the attenuation circuit is a pi pad attenuator, an L pad attenuator, or an O pad attenuator.
4. The circuit of claim 2 , wherein the attenuation circuit is a tee pad attenuator.
5. The circuit of claim 2 , wherein the attenuation circuit is a distributed attenuator.
6. The circuit of claim 2 , wherein the attenuation circuit is a balanced attenuator.
7. The circuit of claim 2 , wherein the attenuation circuit is a reflection attenuator.
8. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the resistive element, the primary switching element, and the shunting switching element are within a leg of a single pole, multiple throw absorptive switch.
9. The circuit of claim 8 , wherein the single pole, multiple throw absorptive switch is a single pole, double throw absorptive switch.
10. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the primary switching element and the shunting switching element are MOSFETs, each having a gate width.
11. The circuit of claim 10 , wherein the gate width of the primary switching element is larger than the gate width of the shunting switching element.
12. The circuit of claim 11 , wherein the gate width of the primary switching element is at least four times larger than the gate width of the shunting switching element.
13. A method of reducing de-Qing loss for a circuit, said circuit comprising a resistive element and a primary switching element in series with the resistive element and a shunting switching element across the resistive element wherein the shunting switching element is configured such that shunt arm impedance in attenuating mode is phase balanced with shunt arm impedance in reference mode over a selected frequency range, the method comprising:
opening the shunting switching element when the primary switching element is closed; and
closing the shunting switching element when the primary switching element is open.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the resistive element, the primary switching element, and the shunting switching element are within a leg of an attenuation circuit.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the attenuation circuit is a pi pad attenuator, an L pad attenuator, an O pad attenuator, or a tee pad attenuator.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the attenuation circuit is a distributed attenuator.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the attenuation circuit is a balanced attenuator.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the attenuation circuit is a reflection attenuator.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the resistive element, the primary switching element, and the shunting switching element are within a leg of a single pole, multiple throw absorptive switch.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the single pole, multiple throw absorptive switch is a single pole, double throw absorptive switch.
21. A polyphase filter circuit comprising:
parallel filter elements comprising a resistor and a capacitor;
a primary switch in series with the resistor and the capacitor; and
a shunting switch in parallel with the resistor and the capacitor, configured to short across the combination of the resistor and the capacitor when the shunting switch is closed.
22. The polyphase filter circuit of claim 21 , wherein the polyphase filter circuit is a switchable polyphase filter adapted to achieve different phase offsetting.
23. A method of fabricating switchable attenuation circuit with de-Qing loss reduction, the method comprising:
providing a resistive element;
providing a primary switching element in series with the resistive element; and
providing a shunting switching element placed across the resistive element such that it would short current around the resistive element, wherein the shunting switching element is selected such that shunt arm impedance in attenuating mode is phase balanced with shunt arm impedance in reference mode over a selected frequency range;
configuring the circuit such that the shunting switching element is closed when the primary switching element is open, and the shunting switching element is open when the primary switching element is closed.
24. The polyphase filter circuit of claim 21 , wherein the shunting switching element is selected such that shunt arm impedance in attenuating mode is phase balanced with shunt arm impedance in reference mode over a selected frequency range.