System and methods for wireless drug delivery on command
A fully integrated small size implantable sensing device is described, which can include a sensor and an electronic circuit to interface with the sensor and communicate with an external device. Various fabrication methods for the sensing device are described, including provision of wells, created using same fabrication technology as the electronic circuit, to contain electrodes of the sensor and corresponding functionalization chemicals. Such implantable sensing device can be used for a variety of electrochemical measuring applications within a living body as well as actuation by injecting a current into the living body.
1. An integrated miniaturized implantable device comprising:
a substrate for monolithic integration comprising a plurality of metal layers separated via a plurality of insulating layers;
a monolithically integrated electronic system comprising an energy storage element adapted to be charged through a wireless communication link;
a monolithically integrated coil on a first surface of the substrate, the monolithically integrated coil configured to provide the wireless communication link; and
a hermetic package comprising at least one chamber that contains a liquid payload, the hermetic package is in its entirety fixated on the first surface of the substrate, a portion of the hermetic package being positioned on the monolithically integrated coil,
wherein during operation of the implantable device, the electronic system is configured to:
communicate with an external device over the wireless communication link provided by the monolithically integrated coil,
extract power for the miniaturized implantable device from the wireless communication link,
charge the energy storage element based on the extracted power, and
energize an actuator via the energy storage element to rupture a seal of the hermetic package.
2. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator is the monolithically integrated coil energized by current injected from the energy storage element to provide heat to the seal for rupturing of the seal.
3. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator is an electrolyte solution contained in the hermetic package energized by current from the energy storage element to provide internal pressure for rupturing of the seal via gas released from an electrochemical dissociation reaction of the electrolyte solution.
4. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 3 , wherein the hermetic package comprises one chamber containing a mixture of the electrolyte solution and the liquid payload.
5. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 3 , wherein the hermetic package comprises two separate chambers, a first chamber containing the electrolyte solution and a second chamber containing the liquid payload.
6. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 1 , further comprising a monolithically integrated electrochemical sensor comprising a plurality of electrodes.
7. The miniaturized implantable device of claim 6 , further comprising a plurality of wells,
wherein each of the plurality of electrodes is formed in a respective well of the plurality of wells, and
wherein a depth of a well of the plurality of wells extends across one or more metal layers of the plurality of metal layers and/or one or more insulating layers of the plurality of insulating layers.
8. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 7 , wherein the depth is in a range of 4 μm to 6 μm.
9. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 7 , wherein at least one well of the plurality of wells comprises an electrode metal different from a metal of the one or more metal layers.
10. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 1 , wherein the energy storage element is a bank of capacitors charged through power extracted from the wireless communication link.
11. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 1 , wherein a larger side of the miniaturized implantable device is not larger than 1 mm.
12. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 1 , wherein a capacity of the hermetic package is about 1 microliter of liquid payload.
13. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 1 , wherein the coil comprises a plurality of concentric patterns fabricated on a first metal layer separate from metal layers used to fabricate the electronic system.
14. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 1 , wherein fabrication of the miniaturized implantable device comprises a CMOS fabrication technology.
15. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 1 , wherein the wireless communication link operates at a frequency band of the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio band.
16. The miniaturized implantable device according to claim 1 , wherein the wireless communication link operates at a frequency band used for standard cellular communication.