High-density carbon nanotube-based monolith and related materials, methods, and devices
Disclosed here is a composition comprising at least one high-density carbon-nanotube-based monolith, said monolith comprising carbon nanotubes crosslinked by nanoparticles and having a density of at least 0.2 g/cm 3 . Also provided is a method for making the composition comprising: preparing a reaction mixture comprising a suspension and at least one catalyst, said suspension is a carbon nanotube suspension; curing the reaction mixture to produce a wet gel; drying the wet gel to produce a dry gel, said drying step is substantially free of supercritical drying and freeze drying; and pyrolyzing the dry gel to produce the composition comprising a high-density carbon-nanotube-based monolith. Exceptional combinations of properties are achieved including high conductive and mechanical properties.
1. A composition comprising at least one high-density carbon-nanotube-based monolith, said monolith comprising carbon nanotubes crosslinked by nanoparticles and having a density of at least 0.5 g/cm 3 , an electrical conductivity of at least 400 S/cm or more, and a Young's modulus of at least 1 GPa.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes or double-walled carbon nanotubes.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-nanotube-based monolith comprises at least 20 wt. % of carbon nanotubes.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-nanotube-based monolith comprises at least 40 wt. % of carbon nanotubes.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the monolith has a density of at least 0.7 g/cm 3 .
6. A device comprising the composition of claim 1 .
7. The device according to claim 6 , wherein the monolith is incorporated into an electrode.
8. The device according to claim 6 , wherein the device is a capacitor, a battery, an electrode, a sensor, an actuator, a membrane, a catalyst support, or a hydrogen storage device.
9. A method for obtaining the composition of claim 1 , comprising:
preparing a reaction mixture comprising a suspension and at least one catalyst, said suspension is a carbon nanotube suspension;
curing the reaction mixture to produce a wet gel;
drying the wet gel to produce a dry gel, said drying step is substantially free of supercritical drying and freezing drying; and
pyrolyzing the dry gel to produce the composition comprising a high-density carbon-nanotube-based monolith.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the suspension is a carbon nanotube suspension comprising water or at least one organic solvent.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the reaction mixture is cured at a temperature of 100° C. or less.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the step of drying the wet gel comprises solvent exchange.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the step of drying the wet gel comprises drying the wet gel under ambient condition, without application of heat to raise the temperature beyond ambient temperature.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the step of pyrolyzing the dry gel comprises annealing the dry gel in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 500° C. or higher.