Super clear cellulose paper
Wood fibers possess natural unique hierarchical and mesoporous structures that enable a variety of new applications beyond their traditional use. For the first time we dramatically modulate the propagation of light through random network of wood fibers. A highly transparent and clear paper with transmittance >90% and haze <1.0% applicable for high-definition displays is achieved. By altering the morphology of the same wood fibers that form the paper, highly transparent and hazy paper targeted for other applications such as solar cell and anti-glare coating with transmittance >90% and haze >90% is also achieved. A thorough investigation of the relation between the mesoporous structure and the optical properties in transparent paper was conducted, including full-spectrum optical simulations. We demonstrate commercially competitive multi-touch touchscreen with clear paper as a replacement for plastic substrates, which shows excellent process compatibility and comparable device performance for commercial applications. Transparent cellulose paper with tunable optical properties is an emerging photonic material that will realize a range of much improved flexible electronics, photonics and optoelectronics.
1. A clear paper comprising:
about 100% cellulose nanofibers;
wherein the clear paper is a porous material containing mesopores in a range of 10-20 nm;
wherein the clear paper is made of wood fibers;
wherein the clear paper has a
a transmittance greater than 90%; and
an optical haze below 1%.
2. A hazy paper comprising:
micro-sized wood fiber with an average diameter of 20-30 μm and length around 1000 μm pores with size of about 0.5 μm;
a transmittance greater than 90%; and
an optical haze above 90%.
3. A touch screen with a grapheme film comprising:
a transmittance greater than 89%
and a sheet resistance of 445 Ω/sq.
4. A method of fabricating clear paper according to claim 1 comprising:
(a) treating bleached softwood pulp with a TEMPO-oxidized system comprising:
(i) passing 1.0 wt % TEMPO-oxidized wood pulp through z-shaped chambers;
(ii) diluting cellulose nanofibers to 0.2 wt % with distilled water;
(iii) stirring cellulose nanofiber suspension with a magnetic stirrer;
(iv) centrifuging said cellulose nanofiber suspension at a speed of 3000 rpm/min; and
(v) drying said cellulose nanofiber suspension in a controlled chamber.
5. A method of fabricating hazy paper according to claim 2 comprising the steps of:
immersing paper in ionic liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride;
saturating said paper with ionic liquid; and
washing said paper in methanol.