Downhole apparatus and method
A downhole apparatus comprising a body configured to be coupled to a production tubular and an upper opening and a lower opening. First and second flow paths are provided between the upper opening and the lower opening in the body, and a flow diverter is arranged to direct downward flow through the body towards the second flow path and away from the first flow path. A filter device in the second flow path filters or collects solid particles in the second flow path from passing out of the lower opening of the apparatus. The apparatus has particular application to artificial lift hydrocarbon production systems, and may be installed above a downhole pump in a production tubing to prevent solids from settling on the pump during pump shutdown. Embodiments for use with ESPs and PCPs are described.
1. A downhole production apparatus comprising:
a body configured to be coupled to a production tubing, the body comprising an upper opening and a lower opening and further configured to be installed above a downhole pump;
a first flow path between the upper opening and the lower opening in the body;
a second flow path between the upper opening and the lower opening in the body, wherein a bottom part of the second flow path is arranged to collect solid particles when the downhole pump is shut down;
a flow diverter arranged to direct solid particles moving downwardly in the body towards the second flow path and away from the first flow path; and
one or more vents arranged between a lower part of the first flow path and the second flow path to wash away collected solid particles from a lower part of the second flow path when production fluid flows upwardly in the first flow path.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , comprising one or more holes in a bottom surface of the second flow path and arranged to receive upward production flow caused by the downhole pump.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , comprising one or more holes arranged between a bottom part of the first flow path and the second flow path through a lower subassembly of the apparatus.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first flow path is a main throughbore of the apparatus, which is aligned with the main bore of a production tubing.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second flow path is located in an annular space between the first flow path and a wall of the body.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the second flow path comprises an annular flow path disposed around the first flow path.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second flow paths are in fluid communication with one another via one or more upper vents arranged between an upper part of the first flow path and an upper part of the second flow path.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the flow diverter comprises a valve.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the valve is configured for intervention from surface.
10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the valve is configured to be removed from the well by a wireline intervention.
11. The apparatus as claimed claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to accommodate the passage of a drive shaft for the downhole pump.
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the flow diverter comprises a petal valve.
13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a mesh or screen is disposed over at least one of the one or more vents.
14. The apparatus as claimed claim 1 , wherein the one or more vents comprise a one-way valve operable to be closed to limit passage of solids from the second flow path to the first flow path, and to open to allow flow from the first flow path to the second flow path.
15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more vents is sized or shaped to limit the passage of downward moving solid particles from the second flow path to the first flow path when the downward moving solid particles are entrained in a downward flowing fluid.
16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the at least one or more vents have a dimension of around 0.5 mm or less.
17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the downhole pump is an electrical submersible pump (ESP).
18. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the downhole pump is a progressive cavity pump (PCP).
19. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the flow diverter has a downward sloping or downward angled shape to assist with directing solid particles moving downwardly in the body.
20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least part of the flow diverter is movable.
21. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the flow diverter is arranged to direct solid particles entrained in a downward flowing fluid towards the second flow path and away from the first flow path.
22. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the flow diverter is arranged to direct solid particles moving downward through a stationary column of fluid in the body towards the second flow path and away from the first flow path.
23. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one or the one or more vents is a slot.
24. A downhole production apparatus comprising:
a body configured to be coupled to a production tubular, the body comprising an upper opening and a lower opening and further configured to be installed above a downhole pump;
a first flow path between the upper opening and the lower opening in the body;
a second flow path between the upper opening and the lower opening in the body, wherein a bottom part of the second flow path is arranged to collect solid particles;
a flow diverter arranged to direct solid particles moving downwardly in the body towards the second flow path and away from the first flow path; and
a filter between a lower part of the second flow path and a lower part of the first flow path, wherein fluid flowing in the first flow path in an upward direction causes fluid flow in the second flow path which carries filtered or collected solid particles away from the apparatus.
25. The apparatus as claimed in claim 24 , wherein the filter comprises one or more vents arranged between a lower part of the first flow path and the second flow path.
26. The apparatus as claimed in claim 25 , wherein the at least one or more vents have a dimension of around 0.5 mm.
27. The apparatus as claimed in claim 25 , wherein at least one of the one or more vents is a slot.
28. The apparatus as claimed in claim 24 , wherein the filter comprises a screen or mesh.
29. The apparatus as claimed in claim 24 , wherein the filter comprises a screen or mesh disposed over one or more vents.
30. The apparatus as claimed in claim 24 , comprising one or more holes in a bottom surface of the second flow path and arranged to receive upward production flow caused by the downhole pump.
31. The apparatus as claimed in claim 24 , comprising one or more holes arranged between a bottom part of the first flow path and the second flow path through a lower subassembly of the apparatus.
32. A hydrocarbon production system comprising:
a production tubing; and
a downhole apparatus according to claim 1 coupled into the production tubing;
wherein the downhole pump is coupled to the production tubing below the downhole apparatus.
33. A hydrocarbon production system comprising: a production tubular tubing; and a downhole apparatus according to claim 24 coupled into the production tubing; wherein the downhole pump is coupled to the production tubular below the downhole apparatus.
34. A method of operating a hydrocarbon production system comprising a production tubular, a downhole pump in the production tubular, and a downhole apparatus coupled to the production tubular above the downhole pump, the method comprising:
in a production phase, operating the downhole pump to cause fluid to flow in a first flow path upward through the downhole apparatus;
ceasing operation of the downhole pump;
diverting downward moving solids to a second flow path in the downhole apparatus;
filtering or collecting solid particles moving downwardly in the second flow path;
operating the downhole pump to cause production to flow upwardly in the first flow path and to induce upward flow in the second flow path via at least one or more vents arranged between a lower part of the first flow path and a lower part of the second flow path, such that the induced upward flow washes away solids from a lower part of the second flow path.
35. The method as claimed in claim 34 , further comprising carrying filtered or collected solid particles out of an upper opening of the downhole apparatus.
36. The method as claimed in claim 34 , comprising directing flow towards a lower surface of a volume of solids collected in the downhole apparatus through one or more holes arranged between a lower part of the first flow path and the second flow path.
37. A method of operating a hydrocarbon production system comprising a production tubular, a downhole pump in the production tubular, and a downhole apparatus coupled to the production tubular above the downhole pump, the method comprising:
operating the downhole pump to cause production to flow upwardly in a first flow path of the downhole apparatus, and induce upward flow in a second flow path of the downhole apparatus via at least one or more vents arranged between a lower part of the first flow path and a lower part of the second flow path, such that the induced upward flow in the second flow path washes away solids that have previously been diverted to the second flow path and collected in a lower part of the second flow path.
38. The method as claimed in claim 37 , further comprising carrying filtered or collected solid particles out of an upper opening of the downhole apparatus.