Biofilm inhibiting compositions enhancing weight gain in livestock
A method of enhancing the growth of an anima, as well as treating or preventing antimicrobial infections is provided. The method includes causing the animal to ingest or absorb an effective amount of one or more Fe III complex compounds, including but not limited to Fe III complexes comprising ligands bound to the iron center such as amino acids or α-hydroxy acids. The compounds are also useful for inhibiting, reducing, or preventing biofilm formation or buildup on a surface; the treatment of, inhibition of growth of, and inhibition of colonization by, bacteria, both in biological and non-biological environments; disinfecting surfaces, potentiating the effects of antibiotics and other anti-microbial agents, and increasing the sensitivity of bacteria and other microorganisms, to anti-microbial agents are also provided.
1. An antibiotic-free animal feed product comprising one or more compounds represented by:
Fe(III) x ((ligand)) y Formula I
or a salt or hydrate thereof, wherein
x is an integer value of 1-2,
y is an integer value of 1-3 and
each ligand present is independently a conjugate base of an α-hydroxy acid selected from citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, quinic acid, isoleucic acid, valic acid, malic acid, and mandelic acid; or
each ligand is a conjugate base of an amino acid independently selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine;
wherein the compound is in an effective amount to reduce enteropathogen load in a mammal or bird and wherein when the ligand is a conjugate base of citric acid, the concentration of the compound is from 0.1 g/kg of feed to 2 g/kg of feed.
2. The product of claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds having the structure of Formula I are selected from the group consisting of ferric lactate, ferric citrate, and ferric tartrate.
3. The product of claim 1 , wherein each ligand is independently a conjugate base of an α-hydroxy acid selected from citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, quinic acid, isoleucic acid, valic acid, malic acid, and mandelic acid.
4. The product of claim 1 , wherein the animal is an adult or juvenile and is selected from the group consisting of poultry, swine, cattle, sheep, camelids, and rabbits.
5. The product of claim 4 , wherein the product is swine feed comprising ferric citrate in a concentration from 0.2 g/kg to 1 g/kg of feed.
6. The product of claim 1 , selected from the group consisting of wheat based feed, maize based feed, soya-based based and maize-soya based feeds.
7. The product of claim 3 , wherein the concentration of ferric citrate in the animal feed product is from 0.1 g/kg to 0.2 g/kg, and the animal feed product is poultry feed.
8. The product of claim 1 , wherein the compounds is effective to inhibit biofilm formation by bacteria selected from the group consisting of S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, E. coli, S. aureus, H. pylori, Campylobacter , Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), and Pseudomonas or combinations thereof.
9. The product of claim 5 , comprising ferric citrate in a concentration from 0.5 g/kg to 1 g/kg of feed.
10. The product of claim 1 , wherein each ligand in the one or more compounds represented by Formula I is a conjugate base of an amino acid independently selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine; and salts and/or hydrates thereof; or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, wherein x in Formula I is 1 and y in Formula I is 3.
11. The product of claim 1 , wherein the ligand is selected from the group consisting of alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, proline, serine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and valine.
12. The product of claim 11 wherein the compound is ferric tyrosine.
13. The product of claim 5 , further comprising ferrous sulfate.
14. The product of claim 3 , wherein the product is poultry feed and the concentration of ferric citrate is from 0.2 g/kg to 1 g/kg of the poultry feed.
15. The product of claim 14 , comprising a basal feed formulation for a starter, grower or a finisher diet.
16. The product of claim 14 , further comprising ferrous sulfate.