MATERIALS WITH MODIFIED SURFACES AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING
Various embodiments of surface-modified devices, components, and associated methods of manufacturing are described herein. In one embodiment, an implantable device suitable for being implanted in a patient includes an implantable material having a utile shape and a surface and a modification material deposited on at least a portion of the surface of the implantable material. The modification material has a release rate in an implantation environment in the patient. The modification material at the release rate is effective as bactericidal without being cytotoxic to the patient
1 . An implantable device suitable for being implanted in a patient, comprising:
an implantable material having a utile shape and a surface; and
a modification material deposited on at least a portion of the surface of the implantable material, the modification material having a release rate in an implantation environment in the patient, the modification material at the release rate being effective as a bactericidal without being cytotoxic to the patient, wherein the deposited modification material does not substantially affect a mechanical property of the implantable material, and wherein the deposited modification material has an interfacial shear strength of about 1 MPa to about 30 MPa.
2 . The implantable device of claim 1 wherein:
the implantable material includes at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, a metal oxide, a ceramic, an organic salt, or a polymeric material; and
the modification material include at least one of silver, gold, zinc oxide, or copper.
3 . The implantable device of claim 1 wherein the modification material includes silver.
4 . The implantable device of claim 1 wherein:
the implantable material includes stainless steel; and
the modification material include silver.
5 . The implantable device of claim 1 wherein:
the implantable material includes stainless steel;
the modification material include silver; and
the deposited silver having a release rate into the implantation environment in the patient, the release rate corresponding to a concentration of silver in the implantation environment effective as a bactericidal without being cytotoxic to the patient.
6 . An implantable device suitable for being implanted in a patient, comprising:
a substrate having a utile shape and a substrate surface, the substrate being constructed from stainless steel; and
a modification material deposited on at least a portion of the substrate surface of the implantable component, wherein:
the deposited modification material includes silver electroplated onto at least a portion of the substrate surface;
the electroplated silver does not vary a mechanical property of the substrate by more than about 10%;
the electroplated silver has an interfacial shear strength of about 1 MPa to about 30 MPa on the substrate surface; and
the electroplated silver is configured to be released into an implantation environment in the patient at a target release rate resulting in a concentration of silver in the implantation environment to be about 0.01 mg/L to about 30 mg/L.
7 . The implantable device of claim 6 wherein the electroplated silver has a surface area coverage of about 0.1% to about 10% on the substrate surface.
8 . The implantable device of claim 6 wherein:
the mechanical property of the substrate includes one of tensile strength, compressive strength, yield strength, Young's modulus, ductility, or toughness; and
the electroplated silver does not vary any of the tensile strength, compressive strength, yield strength, Young's modulus, ductility, or toughness of the substrate by more than about 10%.
9 . The implantable device of claim 6 wherein:
the modification material is a first modification material deposited on a first portion of the component surface; and
the implantable device further includes a second modification material deposited on a second portion of the component surface, the second modification material being different than the first modification material.
10 . The implantable device of claim 6 wherein:
the modification material is a first modification material deposited on a portion of the component surface; and
the implantable device further includes a second modification material deposited on the first modification material forming a layered structure on the component surface, the second modification material being different than the first modification material.
11 . The implantable device of claim 6 wherein the substrate is a rod, a nail, a screw, or a plate.
12 . An implantable device suitable for being implanted in a patient, comprising:
an implantable component having a utile shape and a component surface; and
a modification material deposited on at least a portion of the component surface of the implantable component, wherein:
the deposited modification material does not vary a mechanical property of the implantable component by more than about 10%;
the deposited modification material has an interfacial shear strength of about 1 MPa to about 30 MPa on the component surface; and
the deposited modification material has a release rate in an implantation environment in the patient, the release rate resulting in a concentration of the modification material in the implantation environment to be about 0.01 mg/L to about 30 mg/L.
13 . The implantable device of claim 12 wherein:
the implantable material includes at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, a metal oxide, a ceramic, an organic salt, or a polymeric material; and
the modification material include at least one of silver, gold, zinc oxide, or copper.
14 . The implantable device of claim 12 wherein the modification material is silver, and wherein the deposited silver on the component surface has an interfacial shear strength of about 1 MPa to about 30 MPa.
15 . The implantable device of claim 12 wherein:
the implantable component includes stainless steel with a stainless steel surface;
the modification material includes silver electroplated onto the stainless steel surface, and
the silver electroplated on the stainless steel surface has an interfacial shear strength of about 1 MPa to about 30 MPa.
16 . The implantable device of claim 12 wherein the deposited modification material has a surface area coverage of about 0.1% to about 10% on the component surface.
17 . The implantable device of claim 12 wherein the deposited modification material forms one of a circle, a square, a honeycomb, or a weave pattern on the component surface.
18 . The implantable device of claim 12 wherein:
the mechanical property of the implantable component includes one of tensile strength, compressive strength, yield strength, Young's modulus, ductility, or toughness; and
the deposited modification material does not vary the mechanical property of the implantable component by more than about 5%.
19 . The implantable device of claim 12 wherein:
the modification material is a first modification material deposited on a first portion of the component surface; and
the implantable device further includes a second modification material deposited on a second portion of the component surface, the second modification material being different than the first modification material.
20 . The implantable device of claim 12 wherein:
the modification material is a first modification material deposited on a portion of the component surface; and
the implantable device further includes a second modification material deposited on the first modification material forming a layered structure on the component surface, the second modification material being different than the first modification material.