TiO2 nanofiltration membranes prepared by molecular layer deposition for water purification
Methods are provided for preparing TiO 2 nanofiltration membranes for water purification are provided. The method can include supplying a titanium precursor gas into a reaction chamber, where the titanium precursor gas reacts with a base support of an anodic aluminum oxide, and the base support of an anodic aluminum oxide has a surface defining a plurality of pores therein. The reaction chamber can then be evacuated to remove any unreacted titanium precursor gas, and an alkoxide precursor gas can be supplied into a reaction chamber such that the alkoxide precursor gas reacts to with the titanium on the base support to form a hybrid titanium alkoxide. Thereafter, the base support cab be heated to remove the organic component to leave titanium oxide on the surface of the base support.
1. A method to prepare TiO 2 nanofiltration membranes for water purification via a molecular layer deposition cycle, the method comprising:
supplying a titanium precursor gas into a reaction chamber that is under a vacuum, wherein the titanium precursor gas is introduced into the reaction chamber until a vapor pressure ranging from about 10 Pa to about 30 Pa is achieved, wherein the titanium precursor gas reacts with a base support of an anodic aluminum oxide, and wherein the base support of an anodic aluminum oxide has a surface defining a plurality of pores therein;
evacuating the reaction chamber to remove unreacted titanium precursor gas;
supplying an alkoxide precursor gas into a reaction chamber, wherein the alkoxide precursor gas is introduced into the reaction chamber until a vapor pressure ranging from about 3 Pa to about 20 Pa is achieved, wherein the alkoxide precursor gas reacts to with the titanium on the base support to form a hybrid titanium alkoxide;
repeating the steps of supplying the titanium precursor gas, evacuating the reaction chamber, and supplying the alkoxide precursor gas multiple times until the pores of the base support are filled with the hybrid titanium alkoxide; and
thereafter, heating the base support to a temperature ranging from about 200° C. to about 250° C. to remove the organic component to leave a titanium oxide coating on the surface of the base support, wherein the titanium oxide coating is porous, wherein the titanium oxide pores have a pore size distribution ranging from about 0.6 nanometers to about 1.4 nanometers.
2. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the titanium precursor gas is titanium tetrachloride.
3. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the alkoxide precursor gas is ethylene glycol.
4. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pores defined by surface of the base support of the anodic aluminum oxide has an average diameter of about 10 nm to about 50 nm.
5. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pores defined by surface of the base support of the anodic aluminum oxide has an average diameter of about 15 nm to about 30 nm.
6. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the base support has a temperature of about 50° C. to about 150° C. in the reaction chamber throughout the repeated steps.