Systems and methods for sampling fluids using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
Systems and methods for sampling fluids using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Specifically the system is related to a robust field oriented piping system having an improved pipe design for use at oil and gas well heads. The piping system includes integral coils for transmitting an NMR pulse sequence and detecting NMR signals and can be used as a component of an NMR instrument. The systems and methods described herein enable obtaining and analyzing NMR spectra of multi-phase in stationary and flowing states.
1. A pipe system for enabling nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of gases and liquids within the pipe system comprising:
at least one inner non-magnetic layer having an inner diameter D 1 defining an inner fluid passage and an outer diameter D 3 , the at least one inner non-magnetic layer operatively supporting an NMR coil having an outer diameter D 2 ;
an outer non-magnetic layer and where the at least one inner non-magnetic layer is operatively supported within the outer non-magnetic layer to define an outer fluid passage between the at least one inner non-magnetic layer and the outer non-magnetic layer, the outer fluid passage having an outer diameter D 4 .
2. The pipe system as in claim 1 , where D 4 /D 2 =√{square root over (2)} with a better matching accuracy than 2%.
3. The pipe system as in claim 1 , wherein the outer non-magnetic layer is titanium alloy, hastelloy alloy or inconel alloy.
4. The pipe system as in claim 1 , wherein the pipe system comprises an outer shield layer that is operatively connected to the inside of the outer non-magnetic layer and is configured to constrain the magnetic field generated by the coil within the inner shield layer.
5. The pipe system as in claim 4 , wherein the outer shield layer comprises a non-magnetic layer.
6. The pipe system as in claim 4 , where the outer shield layer is copper or a material having a higher conductivity than copper.
7. The pipe system as in claim 4 , wherein the outer shield layer length is at least four times D 2 .
8. The pipe system as in claim 1 , where the coil is copper or a material having a higher conductivity than copper.
9. The pipe system as in claim 1 , wherein the at least one inner non-magnetic layer is two thermoplastic layers and the coil is supported by a first inner thermoplastic layer and a second thermoplastic layer surrounds the first inner thermoplastic layer.
10. The pipe system as in claim 1 , wherein the inner non-magnetic layer comprises one or more of: a thermoplastic, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Teflon and TORLON.
11. The pipe system as in claim 1 , wherein the outer layer material is a non-magnetic metallic material, or a nonmetallic material.
12. The pipe system as in claim 1 , wherein the outer layer material comprises one or more of: titanium, titanium alloy, hastelloy alloy, inconel alloy, beryllium copper alloy, and fiberglass reinforced plastic.
13. The pipe system as in claim 1 , wherein the Q-factor, or quality factor, of the resonant circuitry is between 5 and 10.
14. The pipe system as in claim 1 , wherein the Q-factor, or quality factor, of the resonant circuitry is above 20.
15. The pipe system as in claim 1 , wherein the coil length is at least two times of D 2 .
16. The pipe system as in claim 1 , further comprising at least one coil supporting member, the at least one coil supporting member being configured to support the coil in position with respect to the outer layer and to allow fluid flow within the inner and outer fluid passages.
17. The pipe system as in claim 1 , wherein the inner layer comprises: a coil layer configured to provide structural support for the coil; and a protection layer configured to protect the outer surfaces of the coil.
18. The pipe system according to claim 16 , wherein the coil layer comprises one or more notches configured to receive the coil.
19. A method of manufacturing a pipe system for enabling nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of gas and liquids within the pipe system, the method comprising:
providing at least one inner non-magnetic layer having an inner diameter D 1 defining an inner fluid passage and an outer diameter D 3 , the at least one inner non-magnetic layer operatively supporting an NMR coil having an outer diameter D 2 ;
providing an outer non-magnetic layer and where the at least one inner non-magnetic layer is operatively supported within the outer non-magnetic layer to define an outer fluid passage having a diameter D 4 between the at least one inner non-magnetic layer and the outer non-magnetic layer.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein copper coil is produced by winding copper wire around a coil layer, the coil layer forming at least part of the inner non-magnetic layer.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the method comprises:
machining the coil such that the coil is configured to hold the shape after it is machined; and
encasing the coil in an epoxy resin, the epoxy resin forming at least part of the inner non-magnetic layer.