Ex vivo engineered immune organoids for controlled germinal center reactions
Provided are compositions and methods that relate ex vivo organoids that contain B cells and stromal cells in a three dimensional material includes a hydrogel. The hydrogel can be formed without exposure to ultraviolet light from an electronic ultraviolet light source. The hydrogel contains silicate nanoparticles (SiNPs) that are ionically bonded to a polyampholytic gelatin. The three dimensional material can be held at a temperature of at least 37 degrees Celsius and does not liquefy. The organoids exhibit mechanical properties that are similar to certain lymphoid tissues, and can include a germinal center. Methods of making the organoids are included, as are high throughput screening approaches that use the organoids for screening a variety of test agents. The organoids can synthesize a variety of compounds that can be recovered from the organoids or the organoid culture medium.
1. An ex vivo organoid comprising B cells and stromal cells in a three dimensional material, wherein the B cells are naïve B cells, primary B cells, or a combination thereof, wherein the three dimensional material comprises a hydrogel, wherein the hydrogel is formed without exposure to ultraviolet light from an electronic ultraviolet light source, and wherein the hydrogel comprises about 1.5% silicate nanoparticles (SiNPs) that are in physical association with about 2% polyampholytic gelatin, and wherein at day 4 the organoid comprises at least 10× more CD19+ cells relative to a control organoid that does not contain about 1.5% SiNPs and about 2% polyampholytic gelatin.
2. The organoid of claim 1 , wherein the physical association comprises SiNPs that are ionically bonded to the polyampholytic gelatin.
3. The organoid of claim 1 , wherein the organoid is at a temperature of at least 37 degrees Celsius and the three dimensional material is not liquefied.
4. The organoid of claim 1 , wherein the organoid is in contact with one or more growth factors, one or more cytokines, one or more extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands, or combinations thereof.