Chromium free and low-chromium wear resistant alloys
Disclosed herein are embodiments of hardfacing/hardbanding materials, alloys, or powder compositions that can have low chromium content or be chromium free. In some embodiments, the alloys can contain transition metal borides and borocarbides with a particular metallic component weight percentage. The disclosed alloys can have high hardness and ASTM G65 performance, making them advantageous for hardfacing/hardbanding applications.
1. A low chromium or chromium-free ferrous alloy comprising less than or equal to about 1 wt. % chromium, C: about 2.0 to about 2.85 wt. %, and B: about 1.6 to about 2.2 wt. %, wherein the alloy is formed into or configured to form a welded material comprising, under equilibrium solidification conditions:
a total mole fraction of transition metal borides and borocarbides of between about 10 and about 30%, wherein a metallic portion of the transition metal borides and borocarbides comprises greater than or equal to about 15 wt. % W+Mo; and
a mole fraction of isolated carbides in the material between about 10 and about 25%, wherein isolated carbides are defined as MC carbides, wherein MC carbides comprise V and may optionally comprise one or more of the following elements: Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, W, Mo;
wherein the isolated carbides have a metallic component greater than or equal to about 50 wt. % vanadium;
wherein the welded material demonstrates an impact resistance of surviving about 9,800 or greater 20 Joule impacts without failure; and
wherein a hardness of the welded material remains substantially the same or greater after austenitizing at 900° C. for 2 hours followed by and oil quench as compared to a deposited hardness.
2. The alloy of claim 1 , comprising less than or equal to about 0.01 wt. % chromium.
3. The alloy of claim 1 , wherein a mole fraction of an embrittling hard phase in the material comprising Fe 2 B, M 23 (C,B) 6 , M 7 (C,B) 3 , and M 3 (C,B) is less than or equal to about 10% when measured at a matrix solidus temperature, wherein M is greater than or equal to about 75 wt. % Fe.
4. The alloy of claim 1 , wherein the metallic portion of the transition metal borides and borocarbides comprise greater than or equal to about 35 wt. % W+Mo.
5. The alloy of claim 1 , wherein an FCC-BCC transition temperature of the material under equilibrium solidification conditions is less than or equal to about 1300K.
6. The alloy of claim 1 , wherein a melt range of the material under equilibrium solidification conditions is less than or equal to about 250° C., melt range being defined as the difference between a formation temperature of a first hard phase to solidify and a matrix liquidus temperature.
7. The alloy of claim 1 , wherein the deposited hardness of the material is greater than or equal to about 55HRC, and wherein the hardness of the material after austenitizing and quenching is greater than or equal to about 55HRC.
8. The alloy of claim 1 manufactured into a powder, wire, casting, and/or hardfacing layer for wear protection.
9. The alloy of claim 1 , comprising, in weight percent, Fe and:
Mo+W: about 2.1 to about 25; and
wherein a weight ratio of Mo+1.9*W to B is between 6 and 10.25.
10. The alloy of claim 1 , where the alloy comprises, in weight percent, Fe and:
B: 1.64, C: 2, Mo: 13.6, V: 8.5;
B: 1.8, C: 2.2, Mo: 15, V: 9.35;
B: 2.2, C: 2.8, Mo: 17.7, V: 12;
B: 2.05, C: 2.6, Mo: 16.3, V: 11.1;
B: 1.64, C: 2, Mn: 1, Mo: 13.6, Ni: 1.3, Si: 0.5 V: 8.5;
B: 1.8, C: 2.2, Mn: 1, Mo: 15, Ni: 1.5, Si: 0.5, V: 9.35;
B: 2.2, C: 2.8, Mn: 1, Mo: 17.7, Ni: 1.7; Si: 0.5, V_12;
B: 2.05, C: 2.6, Mn: 1, Mo: 16.3, Ni: 1.6, Si: 0.5, V11.1;
B: 2.0, C: 2.8, Mo: 18, V: 13;
B: 2.0, C: 2.8, Mo: 18, V: 11.5;
B: 1.85, C: 2.6, Mo: 18, V: 12;
B: 2.0, C: 2.8, Mn: 0.5, Mo: 18, Ni: 1.5, Si: 0.5, V: 13;
B: 2.0, C: 2.8, Mn: 0.5, Mo: 18, Ni: 1.5, Si: 0.5, V: 11.5; or
B: 1.85, C: 2.6, Mn: 0.5, Mo: 18, Ni: 1.5, Si: 0.5, V: 12;
wherein W may be substituted for Mo at about a 1:1 molar ratio.
11. Mining equipment incorporating the alloy of claim 1 for wear protection.
12. The mining equipment of claim 11 , wherein the mining equipment comprises ground engaging tools, work tools, lip shrouds, cutting edges, blades, wear plates, and comminution equipment.
13. A low chromium or chromium free ferrous alloy comprising less than or equal to about 1 wt. % chromium, C: about 2.0 to about 2.85 wt. %, and B: about 1.6 to about 2.2 wt. %, wherein the alloy is formed into or configured to form a welded material comprising:
a total volume fraction of transition metal borides and borocarbides of between about 10 and about 30%, wherein a metallic portion of the transition metal borides and borocarbides comprises greater than or equal to about 15 wt. % W+Mo; and
a volume fraction of isolated carbides in the material between about 10 and about 25%, wherein isolated carbides are defined as MC carbides, wherein MC carbides comprise V and may optionally comprise one or more of the following elements: Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, W, Mo;
wherein the isolated carbides have a metallic component greater than or equal to about 50 wt. % vanadium;
wherein the welded material demonstrates an impact resistance of surviving about 9,800 or greater 20 Joule impacts without failure; and
wherein a hardness of the welded material remains substantially the same or greater after austenitizing at 900° C. for 2 hours followed by and oil quench as compared to a deposited hardness.
14. The alloy of claim 13 , wherein the alloy comprises less than or equal to about 0.01 wt. % chromium.
15. The alloy of claim 13 , where a volume fraction of embrittling hard phase of the material is less than or equal to about 10%, where embrittling hard phases comprise Fe 2 B, M 23 (C,B) 6 , M 7 (C,B) 3 , and M 3 (C,B) where M is greater than or equal to about 75 wt. % Fe.
16. The alloy of claim 13 , wherein the deposited hardness of the material is greater than or equal to about 55HRC, and wherein the hardness of the material after austenitizing and quenching is greater than or equal to about 55HRC.
17. The alloy of claim 13 comprising, in weight percent, Fe and:
Mo+W: about 2.1 to about 25; and
wherein a weight ratio of Mo+1.9*W to B is between 6 and 10.25.
18. The alloy of claim 13 , wherein the alloy comprises, in weight percent, Fe and:
B: 1.64, C: 2, Mo: 13.6, V: 8.5;
B: 1.8, C: 2.2, Mo: 15, V: 9.35;
B: 2.2, C: 2.8, Mo: 17.7, V: 12;
B: 2.05, C: 2.6, Mo: 16.3, V: 11.1;
B: 1.64, C: 2, Mn: 1, Mo: 13.6, Ni: 1.3, Si: 0.5 V: 8.5;
B: 1.8, C: 2.2, Mn: 1, Mo: 15, Ni: 1.5, Si: 0.5, V: 9.35;
B: 2.2, C: 2.8, Mn: 1, Mo: 17.7, Ni: 1.7; Si: 0.5, V12;
B: 2.05, C: 2.6, Mn: 1, Mo: 16.3, Ni: 1.6, Si: 0.5, V11.1;
B: 2.0, C: 2.8, Mo: 18, V: 13;
B: 2.0, C: 2.8, Mo: 18, V: 11.5;
B: 1.85, C: 2.6, Mo: 18, V: 12;
B: 2.0, C: 2.8, Mn: 0.5, Mo: 18, Ni: 1.5, Si: 0.5, V: 13;
B: 2.0, C: 2.8, Mn: 0.5, Mo: 18, Ni: 1.5, Si: 0.5, V: 11.5; or
B: 1.85, C: 2.6, Mn: 0.5, Mo: 18, Ni: 1.5, Si: 0.5, V: 12;
wherein W may be substituted for Mo at about a 1:1 molar ratio.
19. The alloy of claim 1 , wherein the hardness of the welded material remains substantially the same after austenitizing at 900° C. for 2 hours followed by and oil quench as compared to the deposited hardness.
20. The alloy of claim 13 , wherein the hardness of the welded material remains substantially the same after austenitizing at 900° C. for 2 hours followed by and oil quench as compared to the deposited hardness.