Isolation and use of solid tumor stem cells
A small percentage of cells within an established solid tumor have the properties of stem cells. These solid tumor stem cells give rise both to more tumor stem cells and to the majority of cells in the tumor that have lost the capacity for extensive proliferation and the ability to give rise to new tumors. Thus, solid tumor heterogeneity reflects the presence of tumor cell progeny arising from a solid tumor stem cell. This discovery is the basis for solid tumor stem cell compositions, methods for distinguishing functionally different populations of tumor cells, methods for using these tumor cell populations for studying the effects of therapeutic agents on tumor growth, and methods for identifying and testing novel anti-cancer therapies directed to solid tumor stem cells.
1. An isolated population of solid tumor stem cells obtained from a solid tumor of epithelial origin, wherein the population comprises at least 75% solid tumor stem cells and less than 25% solid tumor cells, wherein the solid tumor stem cells:
(i) are tumorigenic;
(ii) express CD44; and
(iv) do not express CD24 or express low levels of CD24; and
wherein the solid tumor cells are non-tumorigenic.
2. The isolated population of solid tumor stem cells of claim 1 , wherein said solid tumor stem cells further express B38.1.
3. The isolated population of solid tumor stem cells of claim 1 , wherein said solid tumor stem cells further express epithelial specific antigen (ESA).
4. The isolated population of solid tumor stem cells of claim 1 , wherein the solid tumor stem cells express low levels of CD24.
5. The isolated population of solid tumor stem cells of claim 1 , wherein the solid tumor stem cells do not express CD24.
6. An enriched population of solid tumor stem cells obtained from a solid tumor of epithelial origin, wherein said population comprises: solid tumor stem cells and solid tumor cells, wherein the solid tumor stem cells:
(a) are enriched at least two-fold compared to unfractionated tumor cells;
(b) are tumorigenic;
(c) express CD44; and
(e) do not express CD24 or express low levels of CD24; and
wherein the solid tumor cells are non-tumorigenic.
7. The enriched population of claim 6 , wherein the population is at least 5-fold enriched.
8. The enriched population of claim 6 , wherein the population is at least 10-fold enriched.
9. The enriched population of claim 6 , wherein the population is at least 50-fold enriched.
10. The enriched population of claim 6 , wherein said solid tumor stem cells further express B38.1.
11. The enriched population of claim 6 , wherein said solid tumor stem cells further express epithelial specific antigen (ESA).
12. The enriched population of claim 6 , wherein the solid tumor stem cells express low levels of CD24.
13. The enriched population of claim 6 , wherein the solid tumor stem cells do not express CD24.