Off-axis motion-based analysis of joints
A method includes obtaining test data for a joint, the test data being indicative of motion of the joint during joint testing implemented by a robotic testing apparatus applied to the joint to impart force oriented in a first degree of freedom for the joint, generating first data indicative of movement of the joint in the first degree of freedom based on the test data, generating second data indicative of concomitant movement of the joint in a second degree of freedom for the joint based on the test data, the concomitant movement arising from the imparted force, and determining a condition of the joint based on an analysis of the first data and the second data.
1. A method comprising:
capturing test data using a robotic testing apparatus for a joint, the test data being representative of motion of the joint during joint testing implemented by the robotic testing apparatus applied to the joint to impart force oriented in a first degree of freedom for the joint;
generating, by a processor, first data representative of movement of the joint in the first degree of freedom based on the test data;
generating, by the processor, second data representative of concomitant movement of the joint in a second degree of freedom for the joint based on the test data, the concomitant movement arising from the imparted force; and
determining, by the processor, a condition of the joint based on an analysis of the first data and the second data,
wherein the second degree of freedom is different than the first degree of freedom.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second data is representative of an extent of concomitant displacement of the joint in the second degree of freedom.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the analysis comprises a comparison of the extent of displacement with a threshold.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the condition comprises:
compiling a profile for the joint based on the first data and the second data;
accessing a data store in which preset profile data for abnormal joints is stored; and
comparing the profile with the preset profile data to determine the condition of the joint.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second data is representative of a derivative of position of the concomitant movement in the second degree of freedom with respect to position in the first degree of freedom.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the movement in the first degree of freedom is disposed in a different plane than the concomitant movement in the second degree of freedom.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the movement in the first degree of freedom is rotational movement; and
the concomitant movement in the second degree of freedom is translational movement.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the movement in the first degree of freedom is translational movement; and
the concomitant movement in the second degree of freedom is rotational movement.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the movement in the first degree of freedom and the concomitant movement in the second degree of freedom are respective rotational movements.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the movement in the first degree of freedom and the concomitant movement in the second degree of freedom are respective translational movements.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating third data representative of concomitant movement of the joint in a third degree of freedom based on the test data, wherein determining the condition of the joint is further based on a further analysis of the third data.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the test data comprises position data and torque data for the concomitant movement; and
the second data is representative of a torque level in the second degree of freedom, the torque level arising from the imparted force.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the test data comprises position data and torque data;
generating the first data comprises generating first load-deformation curve data for the movement of the joint in the first degree of freedom;
generating the second data comprises generating second load-deformation curve data for the concomitant movement of the joint in the second degree of freedom; and
determining the condition comprises analyzing the first and second load-deformation curve data.
14. A method comprising:
driving, with robotic test equipment, motion of a joint, the robotic test equipment comprising a drive configured to implement a test imparting force oriented in a first degree of freedom for the joint;
capturing, with at least one sensor of the robotic test equipment, test data representative of the driven motion of the joint;
generating, by a processor, first data representative of movement of the joint in the first degree of freedom based on the test data;
generating, by the processor, second data representative of concomitant movement of the joint in a second degree of freedom for the joint based on the test data, the concomitant movement arising from the imparted force; and
implementing, by the processor, a comparison of the second data with preset concomitant motion data for the test; and
determining, by the processor, a condition of the joint based on the comparison,
wherein the second degree of freedom is different than the first degree of freedom.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising, while driving the motion of the joint, concurrently driving further motion of the joint with the robotic test equipment to impart force oriented in a degree of freedom for the joint other than the first degree of freedom.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
the joint is a knee joint;
the movement in the first degree of freedom is anterior-posterior translation; and
the movement in the second degree of freedom is internal-external rotation.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
the joint is a knee joint;
the movement in the first degree of freedom is varus-valgus rotation; and
the movement in the second degree of freedom is translation along an axis about which the knee joint flexes.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
the joint is a knee joint;
the movement in the first degree of freedom is varus-valgus rotation; and
the movement in the second degree of freedom is translation along an axis about which the varus-valgus rotation occurs.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
the joint is a knee joint;
the movement in the first degree of freedom is internal-external rotation; and
the movement in the second degree of freedom is varus-valgus rotation.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
the joint is a knee joint;
the movement in the first degree of freedom is one of six degrees of freedom;
the six degrees of freedom are anterior-posterior translation, medial-lateral translation, compression-distraction translation, rotation about an anterior-posterior translation axis, rotation about a medial-lateral translation axis, and rotation about a compression-distraction axis; and
generating the second data comprises generating data representative of concomitant movement of the joint in each degree of freedom of the six degrees of freedom other than the first degree of freedom.
21. A system comprising:
a robotic testing apparatus configured to capture test data for a joint;
a memory in which input instructions, data processing instructions, and analysis instructions are stored; and
a processor coupled to the memory and configured through execution of the input instructions to obtain the test data, the test data being representative of motion of the joint during joint testing implemented by the robotic testing apparatus applied to the joint to impart force oriented in a first degree of freedom for the joint;
wherein the processor is configured through execution of the data processing instructions to generate first data representative of movement of the joint in the first degree of freedom based on the test data, and to generate second data representative of concomitant movement of the joint in a second degree of freedom for the joint based on the test data, the concomitant movement arising from the imparted force,
wherein the processor is configured through execution of the analysis instructions to determine a condition of the joint based on an analysis of the first data and the second data,
wherein the second degree of freedom is different than the first degree of freedom.
22. The system of claim 21 , further comprising the robotic testing apparatus, wherein the first and second degrees of freedom correspond with two of six degrees of freedom in which the robotic testing apparatus allows a bone of the joint to move during testing.
23. The system of claim 21 , wherein:
the robotic testing apparatus is configured to implement a further test in which force oriented in the second degree of freedom is imparted upon the joint;
the processor is further configured through execution of the data processing instructions to generate third data representative of primary movement of the joint in the second degree of freedom during the further test; and
the processor is further configured through execution of the analysis instructions to determine the condition of the joint based on an analysis of the third data.
24. The system of claim 21 , wherein:
the processor is further configured through execution of the data processing instructions to generate fourth data representative of concomitant movement of the joint during a further test in a third degree of freedom for the joint; and
the processor is further configured through execution of the analysis instructions to determine the condition of the joint based on an analysis of the fourth data.