Gas separation process
A process for separating a feed gas comprising polar and non-polar gases into a gas mixture enriched in polar gas(es) and a gas mixture depleted in polar gas(es), the process comprising passing the feed gas through a gas separation unit comprising at least two gas-separation modules in order of increasing selectivity for the polar gas(es), wherein the feed gas entering the gas separation unit comprises more than 35 mol % and up to 90 mol % of polar gas(es).
1. A process for separating a feed gas comprising polar and non-polar gases into a gas mixture enriched in polar gas(es) and a gas mixture depleted in polar gas(es), the process comprising passing the feed gas through a gas separation unit comprising at least two gas-separation modules in order of increasing selectivity for the polar gas(es), wherein (i) the feed gas entering the gas separation unit comprises more than 35 mol % and up to 90 mol % of polar gas(es); and (ii) each gas-separation module comprises a gas separation membrane; (iii) the feed gas is passed through a first set of gas-separation modules and then through a second set of gas-separation modules, wherein each of the gas-separation modules in the second set of gas-separation modules has a higher polar gas selectivity than all of the gas-separation modules in the first set of gas-separation modules; and (iv) all of the gas-separation modules in the first set of gas-separation modules comprise gas separation membranes having αCO 2 /CH 4 selectivity of 5 to 25 and all of the gas-separation modules in the second set of gas-separation modules comprise gas separation membranes having αCO 2 /CH 4 selectivity of 20 to 50.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas-separation modules of the first set of gas-separation modules have identical polar gas selectivity to each other.
3. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas-separation modules of the second set of gas-separation modules have identical polar gas selectivity to each other.
4. The process according to claim 1 wherein the feed gas enters a first gas-separation module of the at least two gas-separation modules at a temperature below 60° C.
5. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas-separation modules are spiral wound gas-separation modules.
6. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas separation unit further comprises a housing which contains the gas separation modules, the gas separation modules are connected in series and wherein the housing further comprises a gas inlet and at least two gas outlets.
7. The process according to claim 6 wherein the gas separation unit is free from temperature controlling devices and gas pressure controlling devices.
8. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas-separation modules comprise gas separation membranes having polyimide discriminating layers comprising —CF 3 groups and optionally carboxylic acid groups.
9. The process according to claim 1 wherein the feed gas is fed into a first of the at least two gas-separation modules at a pressure of 20 to 60 bar.
10. The process according to claim 1 wherein the feed gas is fed into a first of the at least two gas-separation modules at a flow rate of 0.5 to 1.5 MMSCFD.
11. The process according to claim 1 wherein the feed gas is fed into a first of the at least two gas-separation modules at a temperature of 30 to 50° C.
12. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas separation unit comprises a series of modules not all of which have the same polar gas selectivity, each module comprising the gas separation membrane which separates gas into a permeate which passes through the gas separation membrane and a retentate which does not pass through that membrane, wherein gas flows through the gas separation unit such that retentate from each module except for a final module becomes the feed gas for the next module and wherein the gas-separation modules are arranged such that the polar gas selectivity of a first module through which the gas flows is lower than the polar gas selectivity of the final module through which the gas flows.
13. The process according to claim 12 wherein the series of modules comprises a first set of gas-separation modules and a second set of gas-separation modules, wherein each of the gas-separation modules in the second set of gas-separation modules has a higher polar gas selectivity than all of the gas-separation modules in the first set of gas-separation modules and wherein the gas separation unit and the gas-separation modules are arranged such that the retentate from each module except for the final module is the feed gas for the next module.
14. The process according to claim 1 wherein the non-polar gas(es) are or comprise CH 4 and the polar gas(es) are or comprise CO 2 and/or H 2 S.
15. The process according to claim 1 wherein:
(i) the feed gas is passed through a first set of gas-separation modules and then through a second set of gas-separation modules, wherein each of the gas-separation modules in the second set of gas-separation modules has a higher polar gas selectivity than all of the gas-separation modules in the first set of gas-separation modules;
(ii) the feed gas enters the first gas-separation module at a temperature below 60° C.;
(iii) the feed gas is fed into the first of the gas-separation modules at a pressure of 20 to 60 bar;
(iv) the gas-separation modules of the first set of gas-separation modules have identical polar gas selectivity to each other; and
(v) the gas-separation modules of the second set of gas-separation modules have identical polar gas selectivity to each other.
16. The process according to claim 15 wherein each gas separation module comprises a spiral-wound gas separation membrane.
17. The process according to claim 1 wherein the feed gas entering the gas separation unit comprises more than 35 mol % and up to 90 mol % of CO2.
18. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas separation unit comprises at least 7 modules.