Process and apparatus for producing packets
Provided is a process for thermoforming a gas and liquid permeable layer ( 10 ) of thermoplastic material having an average thickness of less than 1.0 mm, the process comprising the steps of bringing the layer of thermoplastic material, at a temperature below that required for thermoforming, into contact with a mould ( 16 ) at a temperature above that of a thermoforming temperature of the thermoplastic material; pressing the mould into contact with the layer of thermoplastic material, the contact between mould and thermoplastic material causing heat to transfer from the mould to the thermoplastic material and raising the temperature of the thermoplastic material to a thermoformable temperature; such pressing thereby causing thermoforming of the thermoplastic material to conform to the shape of the mould.
1. A process for producing infusion packets with infusible tea leaves deposited therein, the process comprising the steps of:
(i) providing a porous, gas and liquid permeable sheet of thermoplastic material having an average thickness of less than 0.5 mm,
wherein:
the sheet of thermoplastic material is made from woven fibers of polyethylene terephthalate or polylactic acid;
(ii) pressing a mold into contact with the sheet of thermoplastic material provided at a temperature from 15° C. to 35° C., said mold having a tetrahedral or hemispherical conformity shape and a temperature of at least 100° C.,
wherein:
such pressing thereby thermoforms the sheet of thermoplastic material into conformity with the shape of the mold such that the thermoformed sheet takes the form of a packet shape; and
heat transfer from the mold to the sheet of thermoplastic material raises the temperature of the sheet of thermoplastic material to a temperature in which the thermoplastic material exhibits plastic deformation behavior; followed by
(iii) depositing infusible tea leaves into the thermoformed sheet of thermoplastic material; and further followed by
(iv) sealing the thermoformed sheet of thermoplastic material into a sealed porous infusion packet with infusible tea leaves deposited therein.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material exhibits plastic deformation behavior over a temperature range of at least 40° C.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fibers have a diameter of less than 0.5 mm.
4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the fibers have a diameter of from 0.001 mm to 0.05 mm.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the sheet of thermoplastic material has an average thickness of less than 0.20 mm.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the sheet of thermoplastic material has an average thickness from 0.01 mm to 0.10 mm.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the mold for said pressing step (ii) is from 120° C. to 210° C.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein no heating of the sheet of thermoplastic material is carried out until said thermoforming begins.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature difference between the mold and the sheet of thermoplastic material at a time of contact therebetween for said step (ii) of pressing is from 80° C. to 200° C.
10. A process for producing infusion packets with infusible tea leaves deposited therein, the process comprising the steps of:
(i) providing a porous, gas and liquid permeable sheet of thermoplastic material having an average thickness from 0.01 mm to 0.10 mm,
wherein:
the thermoplastic material comprises polyethylene terephthalate or polylactic acid; and
the sheet is made from woven fibers of the thermoplastic material;
(ii) pressing a mold into the sheet of thermoplastic material provided at a temperature from 15° C. to 35° C., said mold having a tetrahedral or hemispherical conformity shape and a temperature of at least 100° C.,
wherein:
such pressing thereby thermoforms the sheet of thermoplastic material into conformity with the shape of the mold such that the thermoformed sheet takes the form of a packet shape; and
heat transfer from the mold to the sheet of thermoplastic material raises the temperature of the sheet of thermoplastic material to a temperature in which the thermoplastic material exhibits plastic deformation behavior; followed by
(iii) depositing infusible tea leaves into the thermoformed sheet of thermoplastic material; and further followed by
(iv) sealing the thermoformed sheet of thermoplastic material into a sealed porous infusion packet with infusible tea leaves deposited therein.
11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the temperature of the mold for said pressing step (ii) is from 120° C. to 210° C.
12. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the thermoformed sheet of thermoplastic material can tolerate up to 120° C. to 210° C. without shrinking back to its sheet form provided prior to step (ii).
13. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the fibers have a diameter of less than 0.10 mm.
14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the fibers have a diameter of from 0.001 mm to 0.05 mm.
15. The process according to claim 10 , wherein no heating of the sheet of thermoplastic material is carried out until said thermoforming begins.
16. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the temperature difference between the mold and the sheet of thermoplastic material at a time of contact therebetween for said step (ii) of pressing is from 80° C. to 200° C.