Gas separation process
A process for separating a feed gas comprising polar and non-polar gases into a gas mixture enriched in polar gas(es) and a gas mixture depleted in polar gas(es), the process comprising passing the feed gas through a gas separation unit comprising at least two gas-separation modules in order of decreasing selectivity for the polar gas(es), wherein the feed gas entering the gas separation unit comprises 1 to 35 mol % of polar gas(es).
1. A process for separating a feed gas comprising CO 2 and non-polar gases into a gas mixture enriched in CO 2 and a gas mixture depleted in CO 2 , the process comprising passing the feed gas through a gas separation unit comprising at least two gas-separation modules in order of decreasing selectivity for the CO 2 , wherein (i) the feed gas entering the gas separation unit comprises 1 to 35 mol % of CO 2 ; (ii) each gas-separation module comprises a gas separation membrane; (iii) the feed gas is passed through a first set of gas-separation modules and then through a second set of gas-separation modules, wherein each of the gas-separation modules in the second set of gas-separation modules has a lower CO 2 selectivity than all of the gas-separation modules in the first set of gas-separation modules; and (iv) all of the gas-separation modules in the second set of gas-separation modules comprise gas separation membranes having an αCO 2 /CH 4 selectivity of 5 to 25 and all of the gas-separation modules in the first set of gas-separation modules comprise gas separation membranes having an αCO 2 /CH 4 selectivity of 20 to 50.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the second set of gas-separation modules comprises at least three gas-separation modules.
3. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas-separation modules of the first set of gas-separation modules have identical CO 2 selectivity to each other.
4. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas-separation modules of the second set of gas-separation modules have identical CO 2 selectivity to each other.
5. The process according to claim 1 wherein the feed gas enters a first gas-separation module of the at least two gas-separation modules at a temperature below 60° C.
6. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas-separation modules are spiral wound gas-separation modules.
7. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas separation unit further comprises a housing which contains the gas separation modules, the gas separation modules are connected in series and wherein the housing further comprises a gas inlet and at least two gas outlets.
8. The process according to claim 7 wherein the gas separation unit is free from temperature controlling devices and gas pressure controlling devices.
9. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas-separation modules comprise gas separation membranes having polyimide discriminating layers comprising —CF 3 groups and optionally carboxylic acid groups.
10. The process according to claim 1 wherein the feed gas is fed into a first of the at least two gas-separation modules at a pressure of 20 to 60 bar.
11. The process according to claim 1 wherein the feed gas is fed into a first of the at least two gas-separation modules at a flow rate of 0.5 to 1.5 MMSCFD.
12. The process according to claim 1 wherein the feed gas is fed into a first of the at least two gas-separation modules at a temperature of 30 to 50° C.
13. The process according to claim 1 wherein the gas separation unit comprises a series of modules not all of which have the same CO 2 selectivity, each module comprising the gas separation membrane which separates gas into a permeate which passes through the gas separation membrane and a retentate which does not pass through that membrane, wherein gas flows through the gas separation unit such that retentate from each module except for a final module becomes the feed gas for a next module and wherein the gas-separation modules are arranged such that the CO 2 selectivity of a first module through which the gas flows is higher than the CO 2 selectivity of the final module through which the gas flows.
14. The process according to claim 13 wherein the series of modules comprises a first set of gas-separation modules and a second set of gas-separation modules, wherein each of the gas-separation modules in the second set of gas-separation modules has a lower CO 2 selectivity than all of the gas-separation modules in the first set of gas-separation modules and wherein the gas separation unit and the gas-separation modules are arranged such that the retentate from each module except for the final module is the feed gas for the next module.
15. The process according to claim 1 wherein the non-polar gas(es) are or comprise CH 4 .
16. The process according to claim 13 wherein the non-polar gas(es) are or comprise CH 4 .