Acoustophoretic device with piezoelectric transducer array
An apparatus for separating particles from a fluid stream includes a flow chamber that has at least one inlet and at least one outlet. At least one ultrasonic transducer is located on a wall of the flow chamber. The transducer includes a piezoelectric array with at least two piezoelectric elements. The piezoelectric array includes a piezoelectric material to create a multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave in the flow chamber. A reflector is located on the wall on the opposite side of the flow chamber from the at least one ultrasonic transducer.
1. An apparatus for separating a second fluid or a particulate from a host fluid, comprising:
a flow chamber that includes at least one inlet and at least one outlet;
at least one ultrasonic transducer coupled to the flow chamber and including a piezoelectric array formed from a plurality of piezoelectric elements, and at least one of the piezoelectric elements being configured to be excited to vibrate in a higher order mode to generate a multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave in the flow chamber; and
wherein the piezoelectric elements are arranged in a uniform or non-uniform pattern.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one reflector across the flow chamber from the at least one ultrasonic transducer.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric array is present on a single crystal, with one or more channels separating the piezoelectric elements from each other.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each piezoelectric element is physically separated from surrounding piezoelectric elements by a potting material.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each piezoelectric element is connected to an individual electrode, such that each piezoelectric element can be individually controlled for phasing, frequency, and power.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of piezoelectric elements also share a common ground electrode.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric array can be rotated during operation.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric elements are arranged in a brick pattern, a honeycomb pattern, or a diamond pattern.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ultrasonic transducer comprises:
a housing having a top end, a bottom end, and an interior volume; and
the plurality of piezoelectric elements at the bottom end of the housing, each of the plurality of piezoelectric elements having an exterior surface and an interior surface; and
an air gap between the plurality of piezoelectric elements and the top end of the housing.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the exterior surface of each piezoelectric element is covered by a wear surface material with a thickness of a half wavelength or less, the wear surface material being a urethane or silicone coating.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each piezoelectric element has no backing layer or wear layer.
12. A method of separating a second fluid or a particulate from a host fluid, comprising:
flowing a mixture of the host fluid and the second fluid or particulate through an apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a flow chamber that includes at least one inlet and at least one outlet; and
at least one ultrasonic transducer coupled to the flow chamber and including a piezoelectric array formed from a plurality of piezoelectric elements; and
at least one of the piezoelectric elements being configured to be excited to vibrate in a higher order mode to generate a multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave in the flow chamber; and
exciting the at least one ultrasonic transducer to generate the multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave in the flow chamber to separate the second fluid or particulate from the host fluid;
wherein an axial force component aligned in a direction of propagation of the multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave and a lateral force component aligned in a direction transverse to the direction of propagation of the multi-dimensional acoustic standing wave are of the same order of magnitude.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one reflector across the flow chamber from the at least one ultrasonic transducer.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the particulate is monoclonal antibodies recombinant proteins, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, NS0 hybridoma cells, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, or human cells; T cells, B cells, or NK cells; peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); algae or other plant cells, bacteria, viruses, or microcarriers.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the flow rate of the host fluid through the flow chamber is at least 40 mL/min.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein each piezoelectric element is individually driven at a frequency, the array having varying frequencies.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the piezoelectric array is present on a single crystal, with one or more channels separating the piezoelectric elements from each other.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein each piezoelectric element is physically separated from surrounding piezoelectric elements by a potting material.