Electrical, plating and catalytic uses of metal nanomaterial compositions
This invention relates generally to uses of novel nanomaterial composition and the systems in which they are used, and more particularly to nanomaterial compositions generally comprising carbon and a metal, which composition can be exposed to pulsed emissions to react, activate, combine, or sinter the nanomaterial composition. The nanomaterial compositions can alternatively be utilized at ambient temperature or under other means to cause such reaction, activation, combination, or sintering to occur.
1. A system for sintering materials, said system comprising:
a flashlamp configured to generate a plurality of electromagnetic emission pulses for irradiating a film on a substrate in ambient air in order to sinter said film on said substrate such that the conductivity of said film on said substrate increases by at least two-fold, wherein said substrate includes a material having at least one dimension less than 1 micrometer, wherein said film includes at least one metal; and
a control circuit for controlling said flashlamp to limit an areal energy density of each of said electromagnetic emission pulses to within the order of 1 Joules/cm 2 , and to limit a duration of each of said electromagnetic emission pulses to be between one microsecond and one hundred milliseconds.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said system further includes a printer for printing said film on said substrate using a formulation having a metal with at least one dimension less than 1 micrometer.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein said at least one metal is copper.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein said substrate has a decomposition temperature below 450 degrees Celsius.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein said substrate includes a substance selected from the group consisting of PET, polyester, plastics, polymers, resins, paper products, laminates and combinations thereof.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein said flash lamp is a xenon flash lamp.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein said system further includes a conveyor for moving said substrate.