Apparatus for radiometric correction and orthorectification of aerial imagery
The present inventors have developed a ground station that, when installed in a field, can collect upwelling and downwelling radiation, and GPS location coordinates, Data from remotely sensed imagery (RSI) can be used to monitor crop health. Use of the ground station can obviate the need for personnel to be deployed into the field during drone overflights for management of agriculture.
1. A system for determining agricultural conditions, the system comprising:
a stationary ground station installed at a location, the stationary ground station comprising:
at least one first collecting element configured to measure upwelling radiation,
at least one second collecting element configured to measure downwelling radiation,
a leveling element, and
a GPS receiver configured to generate location coordinates corresponding to a fixed position of the stationary ground station; and
an analysis server comprising a processor executing instructions stored in memory, wherein the instructions cause the processor of the analysis server to:
receive remotely sensed imagery of an area in which the stationary ground station is installed, the remotely sensed imagery comprises radiance data,
receive the location coordinates from the stationary ground station,
receive radiometric data from the stationary ground station, the radiometric data indicative of the upwelling radiation and the downwelling radiation measured by the first and second collecting elements,
generate color-corrected imagery as a function of the radiance data of the remotely sensed imagery and the radiometric data received from the stationary ground station, and
generate a mosaic image of the area based at least in part on the color-corrected imagery and the fixed position of the stationary ground station.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first collecting element is at least two first collecting elements.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein each collecting element collects radiation in a spectral band of <50 nm in a range of about 400 to about 1100 nm.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one second collecting element collects broadband radiation across a spectrum selected from a group consisting of 400-700 nm and 400-1100 nm.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein each collecting element is an LED.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the LED is a broadband photodiode.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein each collecting element further comprises a spectral filter.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the leveling element is selected from a group consisting of a bubble level, a magnetometer, and a combination thereof.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the stationary ground station further comprises a means for measuring a height of the stationary ground station relative to the ground.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the means to measure the height of the stationary ground station relative to the ground is selected from a group consisting of a laser rangefinder, an acoustic rangefinder, and a combination thereof.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the stationary ground station further comprises a means to measure a mean altitude above sea level of the stationary ground station.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the means to measure the mean altitude above sea level of the stationary ground station comprises the GPS receiver.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the stationary ground station further comprises one or more additional sensors, each additional sensor selected from a group consisting of a wind sensor, a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, and a precipitation sensor.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the remotely sensed imagery is collected by a satellite, an airplane, or a drone.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the stationary ground station further comprises one or more additional sensors, each additional sensor selected from a group consisting of a rain gauge, a downwelling longwave radiation sensor, an upwelling longwave radiation sensor, an air temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, an imager, and a soil moisture sensor.
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the stationary ground station further comprises a communication system.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the communication system is selected from a group consisting of a Wi-Fi link, a cellular uplink, an on-board radio telemetry, and combinations thereof.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein the stationary ground station further comprises an imaging target having an area of at least 10 cm 2 .
19. A system for determining agricultural conditions, the system comprising:
an analysis server comprising a processor executing instructions stored in memory, wherein the instructions cause the processor of the analysis server to:
receive remotely sensed imagery of an area in which a stationary ground station is installed, the remotely sensed imagery comprises radiance data,
receive location coordinates from the stationary ground station, the location coordinates correspond to a fixed position of the stationary ground station,
receive radiometric data from the stationary ground station, the radiometric data indicative of upwelling radiation and downwelling radiation measured by the stationary ground station,
generate color-corrected imagery as a function of the radiance data of the remotely sensed imagery and the radiometric data received from the stationary ground station, and
generate a mosaic image of the area based at least in part on the color-corrected imagery and the fixed position of the stationary ground station.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the remotely sensed imagery is selected from a group consisting of RGB color imagery and infrared imagery.
21. The system of claim 19 , further comprising:
a stationary ground station installed at a location, the stationary ground station comprising:
at least one first collecting element configured to measure upwelling radiation,
at least one second collecting element configured to measure downwelling radiation, and
a GPS receiver configured to generate location coordinates corresponding to the fixed position of the stationary ground station.
22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the at least one first collecting element comprises two or more downward-facing LEDs configured to collect radiation in a spectral band of< about 50 nm in a range of about 400 to about 1100 nm.
23. The system of claim 22 , wherein the at least one second collecting element comprises two or more upward-facing LEDs configured to collect radiation in a spectral band of <50 nm in a range of about 400 to about 1100 nm.
24. The system of claim 19 , wherein the remotely sensed imagery is collected by a satellite, an airplane, or a drone.
25. A method for determining agricultural conditions, the method comprising:
receiving, by an analysis server, remotely sensed imagery of an area in which a stationary ground station is installed, the remotely sensed imagery collected by a satellite, an airplane, or a drone and comprises radiance data;
receiving, by the analysis server, location coordinates from the stationary ground station, the location coordinates correspond to a fixed position of the stationary ground station;
receiving, by the analysis server, radiometric data from the stationary ground station, the radiometric data indicative of upwelling radiation and downwelling radiation measured by the stationary ground station;
generating, by the analysis server, color-corrected imagery as a function of the radiance data of the remotely sensed imagery and the radiometric data received from the stationary ground station; and
generating, by the analysis server, a mosaic image of the area based at least in part on the color-corrected imagery and the fixed position of the stationary ground station.