Method for forming ohmic contacts
Implementations of an ohmic contact for a gallium nitride (GaN) device may include: a first layer including aluminum coupled directly with the GaN device; the GaN having a heterostructure with an undoped GaN channel and a semi-insulating aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) barrier, all the foregoing operatively coupled with a substrate; a second layer including titanium coupled over the first layer; and a third layer including an anti-diffusion material coupled with the second layer. The passivation layer may be coupled between the AlGaN barrier and the first layer of the ohmic contact. The passivation layer may surround the ohmic contact.
1. An ohmic contact for a gallium nitride (GaN) device comprising:
a first layer comprising aluminum coupled directly with the GaN device; the GaN device comprising a heterostructure with an undoped GaN channel, a semi-insulating aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) barrier, and a passivation layer coupled to the AlGaN barrier, all the foregoing operatively coupled with a substrate;
a second layer comprising titanium coupled over the first layer; and
a third layer comprising an anti-diffusion material coupled with the second layer;
wherein the passivation layer surrounds the ohmic contact; and
wherein the ohmic contact comprises no more than four layers.
2. The ohmic contact of claim 1 , wherein the passivation layer is at least one of the group of silicon nitride (Si3N4), GaN, silicon dioxide (SiO2), Al2O3, hafnium oxide (HfO2), aluminum nitride (AlN) and any combination thereof.
3. The ohmic contact of claim 1 , wherein the AlGaN barrier is between 20% and 35% Al and comprises a thickness between 10 nm and 40 nm.
4. The ohmic contact of claim 1 , wherein the ohmic contact is formed by one of the group of: etching through the passivation layer; etching through the passivation layer and etching partly through the AlGaN barrier; etching through the passivation layer and etching fully through the AlGaN barrier; and any combination thereof.
5. The ohmic contact of claim 1 , wherein the first layer comprises one of the group of elemental Al, aluminum copper (AlCu), aluminum silicon copper (AlSiCu), aluminum silicon (AlSi), aluminum copper tungsten (AlCuW), and any combination thereof.
6. The ohmic contact of claim 5 , wherein the amount of any trace elements in the first layer is less than 5%.
7. The ohmic contact of claim 6 , wherein the amount of any trace elements in the first layer is between 0.5% to 1%.
8. The ohmic contact of claim 1 , wherein the first layer comprises a thickness between 50 nm and 300 nm.
9. The ohmic contact of claim 1 , wherein the second layer has a thickness between 20 nm and 100 nm.
10. The ohmic contact of claim 1 , wherein the second layer has a thickness of 40 nm.
11. The ohmic contact of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the thicknesses of the first layer and the second layer is lower than 3:1, respectively.
12. The ohmic contact of claim 1 , wherein the third layer comprises one of the group of titanium nitride (TiN), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and other combination thereof.
13. The ohmic contact of claim 1 , further comprising a fourth layer coupled between the second layer and the third layer, the fourth layer comprising one of the group of elemental Al, aluminum copper (AlCu), aluminum silicon copper (AlSiCu), aluminum silicon (AlSi), aluminum copper tungsten (AlCuW), and any combination thereof.
14. The ohmic contact of claim 13 , wherein the first layer has a thickness greater than 5 nm.
15. The ohmic contact of claim 14 , wherein a combined thickness of the thickness of the first layer and a thickness of the fourth layer is between 50 nm and 300 nm.
16. The ohmic contact of claim 13 , wherein a ratio of the combined thicknesses of the first layer and the fourth layer and the thickness of the second layer is less than 3:1, respectively.
17. An ohmic contact for a gallium nitride (GaN) device comprising:
a first layer comprising aluminum coupled directly with the GaN device; the GaN device comprising a heterostructure with an undoped GaN channel, a semi-insulating aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) barrier, and a passivation layer coupled to the AlGaN barrier;
a second layer comprising titanium coupled over the first layer;
a third layer comprising an anti-diffusion material coupled over the second layer, the anti-diffusion material comprising one of the group of titanium nitride (TiN), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) and any combination thereof; and
a fourth layer comprising aluminum coupled between the second layer and the third layer;
wherein the passivation layer surrounds the ohmic contact; and
wherein the ohmic contact comprises no more than four layers.
18. The ohmic contact of claim 17 , wherein the second layer has a thickness between 20 nm and 100 nm.
19. The ohmic contact of claim 17 , wherein a combined thickness of the thickness of the first layer and a thickness of the fourth layer is between 50 nm and 300 nm.
20. The ohmic contact of claim 17 , wherein a ratio of the combined thickness of the first layer and the fourth layer and the thickness of the second layer is less than 3:1, respectively.