Organic light-emitting device

1. An organic light emitting device comprising:

a first electrode;

a second electrode facing the first electrode;

m emission units stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode; and

m−1 charge generating layer(s) between each of the two adjacent emission units from among the m emission units, m−1 charge generating layer(s) comprising m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) and m−1 p-type charge generating layer(s),

wherein m is an integer of 2 or greater,

a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from at least one of the m emission units differs from that of light emitted from at least one of the other emission units,

at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises a metal-containing material and an electron transporting metal-non-containing material,

the metal-containing material comprised in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises a metal, a metal complex, or a combination thereof,

the metal comprised in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu), or a combination thereof, and

the metal complex comprised in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare-earth metal, a transition metal, a late transition metal, or a combination thereof, and at least one organic ligand selected from a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl oxazole, a hydroxyphenyl thiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl thiadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, and

the organic light emitting device further comprises:

an electron transport layer between the second electrode and an emission unit adjacent to the second electrode from among the m emission units,

wherein the electron transport layer comprises a metal-containing material and an electron transporting metal-non-containing material,

the metal-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer comprises a metal, a metal complex, or a combination thereof,

the metal comprised in the electron transport layer comprises an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare-earth metal, a transition metal, a late transition metal, or a combination thereof,

the metal complex comprised in the electron transport layer comprises an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare-earth metal, a transition metal, a late transition metal, or a combination thereof,

the electron transporting metal-non-containing material is an organic compound comprising at least one selected from a phenanthroline ring, an imidazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, and a triazine ring, and

the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer does not include the following compounds:

wherein the metal-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the metal-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer;

the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer; or

the metal-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the metal-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer, and the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer; and

at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) and the electron transporting layer does not include a metal complex comprising lithium (Li).

2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein when the metal-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises the metal, the metal is Yb.

3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein when the metal-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises the metal complex, the metal complex comprises a metal selected from lithium (Li), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu).

4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein when the metal-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises the metal complex, the metal complex is a Li complex and/or an Al complex.

5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein when the metal-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises the metal complex, the metal complex is lithium quinolate (Liq) or aluminum quinolate (Alq3).

6. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the electron transporting metal-non-containing material is about −4.0 electron volts (eV) or greater.

7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the electron transporting metal-non-containing material is an organic compound comprising at least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring.

8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein when the metal-containing material comprises the metal, a weight ratio of the metal to the electron transporting metal-non-containing material is in a range of about 0.01:100 to about 15:100.

9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein when the metal-containing material comprises the metal complex, a weight ratio of the metal complex to the electron transporting metal-non-containing material is in a range of about 1:100 to about 100:1.

10. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , further comprising:

a hole transport region between the first electrode and an emission unit adjacent to the first electrode from among the m emission units, and

a p-dopant in the hole transport region, the LUMO energy level of the hole transport region being about −3.5 eV or less.

11. An organic light emitting device comprising:

a first electrode;

a second electrode facing the first electrode;

m emission units stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode; and

m−1 charge generating layer(s) between each of the two adjacent emission units from among the m emission units, m−1 charge generating layer(s) comprising m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) and m−1 p-type charge generating layer(s),

wherein a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from at least one of the m emission units differs from that of light emitted from at least one of the other emission units,

at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises a metal-containing material and an electron transporting metal-non-containing material,

the metal-containing material comprised in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises a metal, a metal complex, or a combination thereof,

the metal comprised in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu), or a combination thereof, and

the metal complex comprised in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) comprises an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare-earth metal, a transition metal, a late transition metal, or a combination thereof, and at least one organic ligand selected from a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl oxazole, a hydroxyphenyl thiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl thiadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, and

the organic light emitting device further comprises:

an electron transport layer between the second electrode and an emission unit adjacent to the second electrode from among the m emission units,

wherein the electron transport layer comprises a metal-containing material and an electron transporting metal-non-containing material,

the metal-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer comprises a metal, a metal complex, or a combination thereof,

the metal comprised in the electron transport layer comprises an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare-earth metal, a transition metal, a late transition metal, or a combination thereof,

the metal complex comprised in the electron transport layer comprises an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare-earth metal, a transition metal, a late transition metal, or a combination thereof,

the electron transporting metal-non-containing material is an organic compound comprising at least one selected from a phenanthroline ring, an imidazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, and a triazine ring, and

the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer does not include the following compounds:

wherein m is an integer of 3 or greater,

the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) all comprise the same metal-containing material and the same electron transporting metal-non-containing material, and

the metal-containing material comprised in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the metal-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer;

the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer; or

the metal-containing material comprised in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the metal-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer, and the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer.

12. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein m is 2 or 3.

13. An organic light emitting device comprising:

a first electrode;

a second electrode facing the first electrode;

m emission units stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode; and

m−1 charge generating layer(s) between each of the two adjacent emission units from among the m emission units, m−1 charge generating layer(s) comprising m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) and m−1 p-type charge generating layer(s),

wherein m is an integer of 2 or greater,

a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from at least one of the m emission units differs from that of light emitted from at least one of the other emission units,

at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) consists of a metal-containing material and an electron transporting metal-non-containing material

the metal-containing material in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) consists of a metal, a metal complex, or a combination thereof,

the metal in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) consists of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu), or a combination thereof, and

the metal complex in the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) consists of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare-earth metal, a transition metal, a late transition metal, or a combination thereof, and at least one organic ligand selected from a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl oxazole, a hydroxyphenyl thiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl thiadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, and

the organic light emitting device further comprises:

an electron transport layer between the second electrode and an emission unit adjacent to the second electrode from among the m emission units,

wherein the electron transport layer comprises a metal-containing material and an electron transporting metal-non-containing material,

the metal-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer comprises a metal, a metal complex, or a combination thereof,

the metal comprised in the electron transport layer comprises an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare-earth metal, a transition metal, a late transition metal, or a combination thereof,

the metal complex comprised in the electron transport layer comprises an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare-earth metal, a transition metal, a late transition metal, or a combination thereof,

the electron transporting metal-non-containing material is an organic compound comprising at least one selected from a phenanthroline ring, an imidazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, and a triazine ring, and

the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer does not include the following compounds:

wherein the metal-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the metal-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer;

the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer; or

the metal-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the metal-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer, and the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) differs from the electron transporting metal-non-containing material comprised in the electron transport layer; and

at least one of the m−1 n-type charge generating layer(s) and the electron transporting layer does not include a metal complex comprising lithium (Li).